Bone and Joint Anatomy Flashcards
How many menisci are in a dog?
6 medial and lateral each knee and 4 temporal mandibular jt
How much weight do dogs put on forelimbs?
60%
What is weakest part of humerus?
Lateral epicondyle
Where is major weightbearing surface of humerus?
Medial epicondyle
Where does the majority of support of the scapulohumeral joint come from?
Joint capsule and surrounding mm
True or false Dogs have clavicle
False Cats do
What joint motions does the shoulder have?
Flexion, Extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
What is purpose of interosseous ligament?
Keeps ulna and radius from separating
What is function of Anconeal process?
Provides stability in standing position
What is the primary weight bearing region of the radius and ulna?
Radial head
What is most important joint in forelimb for ambulation?
Elbow
What motions does the elbow joint have?
Flexion and extension
Which side of the elbow has flexors and which has extensors?
Flexors- Medial side
Extensors-Lateral side
What serves as the attachment for the Triceps muscle?
Olecranon
How many heads does the triceps brachii muscle have in dogs?
4
What ligaments maintain elbow stability?
Medial, Lateral, and annular
What bones make up the carpus?
Distal radius and ulna,2 rows of carpal bones, proximal ends of metacarpal bones
True or false Collateral ligaments completely span the entire carpus
False
What is the attachment of the gluteal mm?
Greater trochanter
What bony landmark should use assess for sacroiliac luxation?
Tuber sacrale
What bony landmark should be assessed for hip luxation?
Ischiatic tuberosity
What is the primary function of the rear limbs?
Propulsion
What is the major weightbearing portion of the rear limbs?
Cranial 2/3 of acetabulum
How much of the femoral head should be covered by the acetabulum?
50%
What are the primary stabilizing structures of the hip joint?
Joint capsule and round ligament of the head of the femur
What direction is hip luxation usually?
Cranial dorsal
What makes up the stifle? (14)
Femoral condyles, patella, tibial condyle, medial and lateral meniscus, cranial and caudal cruciates, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, long digital extensor tendon, jt capsule, medial and lateral fabellas, popliteal sesamoids
What is the most important stabilizing structure in the stifle?
Cranial cruciate ligament
What is the function of the Cranial Cruciate ligament?
Limits cranial drawer, hyperextension, and internal rotation of tibia
What is purpose and medial and lateral menisci?
Contribute to stability, congruence, and act as shock absorbers. Help stabilized femoral condyles from rolling forward.
Which meniscus is commonly damaged with CCL rupture and why?
Medial due to cranial horn being firmly attached to tibia
Which bones make up proximal row of tarsus bones?
Talus and calcaneus
What bones make up middle row of tarsal bones?
Central tarsal and part of 4th tarsal
WHat bones make up distal row of tarsal bones?
1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tarsal bones
