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PSYC317: Evolution > Quiz 9 > Flashcards

Quiz 9 Flashcards

1
Q 
•	Priming self-interest:
-	Increases pro-environmental behaviour
-	Decreases pro-environmental 
        behaviour
-	Increases pro-environmental behaviour 
        only for those high in proenvironmental 
        belief
-	None of the above
A
  • None of the above
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2
Q 
•	The efficacy of moral argument is…
-	Culturally universal
-	Normatively universal
-	Audience dependant (punishment is 
        universal but morality is culture 
        specific)
-	Audience independent
A
  • Audience dependant (punishment is
    universal but morality is culture
    specific)
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3
Q

• Pro-environmental individuals (tick all
that apply)
- Contribute more in public goods games
- Donate more to environmental causes
if they are being observed by an actor
which they will interact with again
- Use sustainable products as social
signals of altruism
- Provide genuine signals of their
cooperative behaviours

A
  • Donate more to environmental causes if
    they are being observed by an actor
    which they will interact with again
  • Use sustainable products as social
    signals of altruism
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4
Q 
•	Moral side-taking allows observers 
        (check all that apply)
-	To avoid costly fights
-	To take the same side as the majority
-	Flexibility in the content of moral rules
-	To act against kin relationships
A
  • To avoid costly fights
  • To take the same side as the majority
  • Flexibility in the content of moral rules
  • To act against kin relationships
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5
Q

• Moral side-taking allows for

  • Static coordination
  • Dynamic coordination
  • Altruistic coordination
  • Unbounded coordination
A
  • Dynamic coordination
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6
Q

• What do Palomo-Velez and van Vugt
(2021) state is a limitation of the status-
motive?
- Peoples pro-environmental behaviour
might be limited to the public space
- It can produce counter-active
behaviours, such as overconsumption of
green products
- The efficacy of status motive
interventions might be dependent on
individual differences in this motive
- All of the above

A
  • All of the above
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7
Q

• Evolved sensory systems are..
- Accurate at picking up changes due to
climate change due to their fast
response time
- Accurate at picking up changes due to
climate change due to their slow
speed of the changes
- Inaccurate at picking up changes due
to climate change due to their slow
speed of the changes
- None of the above

A
  • Inaccurate at picking up changes due
    to climate change due to their slow
    speed of the changes
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8
Q 
•	Increasing the salience of 
        environmental problem for individuals 
        offspring
-	Decreases pro-environmental 
        behaviour
-	Increases pro-environmental behaviour
-	Results in targeted trade-offs
-	Increases resource consumption
A
  • Increases pro-environmental behaviour
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9
Q 
•	Moral judgement is not necessary 
        (check all that apply)
-	To cooperate
-	To procreate
-	To assess kinship
-	To signal group adherence
A
  • To cooperate
  • To procreate
  • To assess kinship
  • To signal group adherence
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10
Q

• Which of these are adaptive challenges
our palaeolithic ancestors had to face
(check all that apply)
- Protect and care for children
- Form cohesive coalitions
- Avoid communicable diseases
- Create a dedicated schooling system

A
  • Protect and care for children
  • Form cohesive coalitions
  • Avoid communicable diseases
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11
Q

• Which of these is an essential
evolutionary mechanism related to
moral foundations (check all that apply)
- Kin selection
- Reciprocal altruism, direct and indirect
reciprocity
- Tool making
- Spatial reasoning

A
  • Kin selection
  • Reciprocal altruism, direct and indirect
    reciprocity
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12
Q

• Wilkstorm (2017) argues that laws are

  • Formalised moral rules
  • Unrelated to morality
  • Culturally universal
  • All of the above
A
  • Formalised moral rules
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13
Q 
•	Which of these are side-taking 
        strategies (tick all that apply)
-	Alliance-building
-	Pooling 
-	Seesawing
-	Band-wagoning
A
  • Alliance-building

- Band-wagoning

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14
Q 
•	Generally, evolved decision 
        mechanisms focus on…
-	Outcomes
-	Actions
-	Relatedness
-	Distinctiveness
A
  • Outcomes
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15
Q 
•	Punishment for moral violations as a 
         mechanism is..
-	Culturally relative
-	Culturally universal
-	Culturally derived
-	Acculturated
A
  • Culturally universal
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16
Q

• Donations to environmental charities
are higher when made publicly is an
example of (check all that apply)
- Evolved motivation of status
- Evolved motivation of self-interest
- The evolutionary mismatch hypothesis
- The costly signalling theory

A
  • The costly signalling theory
17
Q 
•	Individuals tend to display a tendency 
        to 
-	Prefer temporally close rewards
-	Prefer temporally distant rewards
-	Prefer long term available rewards
-	None of the above
A
  • Prefer temporally close rewards
18
Q 
•	Haidt and colleagues have suggested 
        which moral foundations (tick all that 
        apply)
-	Care/harm
-	Fairness/cheating
-	Loyalty/betrayal
-	Authority/subversion
A
  • Care/harm
  • Fairness/cheating
  • Loyalty/betrayal
  • Authority/subversion
19
Q

• Maintaining alliances is

  • Cheap
  • Costly
  • Obsolete
  • None of the above
A
  • Costly
20
Q 
•	Which of these is NOT a moral 
        foundation according to Haidt et al. 
        (check all that apply)
-	Care/harm
-	Sanctity/degradation
-	Self-transcendence/self-enhancement
-	Authority/subversion
A
  • Self-transcendence/self-enhancement
21
Q 
•	Which of the following have been 
        suggested as evolutionary motivations 
        behind individuals environmental 
        behaviours?
-	Status
-	Self-interest
-	Temporal myopia
-	Temporal hyperopia
A
  • Status
  • Self-interest
  • Temporal myopia
22
Q

• Criminal offences that undermine, or are
seen to undermine the social cohesion
and flourishing of coalitions are related
to what foundations?
- Authority/subversion
- Fairness/cheating
- Care/harm
- Loyalty/betrayal

A
  • Loyalty/betrayal
23
Q 
•	What conclusions did DeScioli (2016) 
        draw about the side-taking hypothesis 
        (check all that apply)
-	It helps us understand why people 
        blame and punish perceived 
        wrongdoers
-	It cannot helps us understand why 
        people blame and punish perceived 
        wrongdoers
-	It helps us understand why moral 
        condemnation can damage 
        relationships and societies
-	It cannot helps us understand why 
        moral condemnation can damage 
        relationships and societies
A 
-	It helps us understand why people 
        blame and punish perceived 
        wrongdoers
-	It helps us understand why moral 
        condemnation can damage 
        relationships and societies
24
Q

• Libermann et al. (2018) suggested that
disgust system addresses which
adaptive problems (check all that apply):
- What to eat
- What to touch
- With whom to have sex
- With whom to talk

A
  • What to eat
  • What to touch
  • With whom to have sex
25
Q

• Why is moral judgement beneficial for
third parties?
- Helps third parties get revenge
- Helps third parties to always choose the
conscience side of a fight
- Helps third parties to minimise their
costs by opposing the actor that
committed the most morally wrong
action
- All of the above

A
  • Helps third parties to minimise their
    costs by opposing the actor that
    committed the most morally wrong
    action
26
Q 
•	Temporal discounting in the 
        environmental space can be decreased 
        by (check all that apply)
-	Real nature exposure
-	Exposure to natural photographs
-	Exposure to urban environments
-	Temporal discounting is fixed
A
  • Real nature exposure

- Exposure to natural photographs

27
Q 
•	Individual condemnation of an action is 
        based on
-	The perceived harm of the action
-	The perceived benefits of the action
-	The immediacy of the action
-	 None of the above
A
  • None of the above

PSYC317: Evolution (22 decks)

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