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ex phis > quiz 7 > Flashcards

quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

sympathetic nervous system innervates

A

smooth muscle in arteries and arterioles

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2
Q

baseline sympathetic activity =

A

vasomotor tone

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3
Q

increase sympathetic activity

A

increase vasoconstriction

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4
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

right and left atria
and right and left ventricles

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5
Q

right and left atria

A

top chambers
- recieve from vena cava
recieve from pulmonary vein

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6
Q

right and left ventricles

A

bottom chambers
- pump to pulmonary artery
-pump to aorta

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7
Q

myocardium

A

cardiac muscle
- type 1 muscle
high number of mitochondria and capillary

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8
Q

cardiac muscle fibers physically connected by

A

intercalated disks and desomones

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9
Q

cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected by

A

gap junctions

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10
Q

where is the most myocardium

A

left ventricle

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11
Q

intrinsic conduction system

A

SA node to AV node to AV bundle to Purkinje fibers

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12
Q

intrinsic heat beat is set at

A

100 beats per min

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13
Q

SA node

A

initiates contraction signal and stimulates right atria

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14
Q

AV nodes

A

relays signal to ventricles

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15
Q

delay in RA allows

A

ventricles to fill during diastole

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16
Q

AV bundle

A

relays to right and left ventricle
- sends signal to apex of heart
-ventricles contract from bottom up

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17
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

send signal into right and left ventricle
-ends of right and left bundle branches
-spread throughout entire ventricle

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18
Q

extrinsic: parasympathetic nervous system

A

reaches heart via vagus nerve
-creates vagal tone
- carries impulses SA and AV nodes
-releases ACH and decreaes HR

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19
Q

extrinsic: sympathetic nervous system

A

carries impulse to SA and AV nodes
-releases norepinephrine facilitates depolarization
-increases HR

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20
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase
-chambers fill with blood

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21
Q

systole

A

contraction phase
-blood leaves chambers

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22
Q

cardiac cycle

A
  1. venous return to the right atrium
  2. venous flow arrives in the right ventricle
  3. venous blood is sent in the lung via the pulmonary artery
  4. after oxygenated in the lung the blood returns to the left atrium
  5. red blood arrives in the left ventricle
  6. red blood is sent in the arteries to the issue
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23
Q

p wave

A

atrial depolarization

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24
Q

QRS

A

ventricular depolarization

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25
Q

T wave

A

ventricular repolarization

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26
Q

ventricle systole (contraction)

A

QRS complex
-ventricle depolarization and repolarization

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27
Q

lub heart sound

A

atrial valves close

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28
Q

ventricles contract =

A

depolarization

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29
Q

end systolic volume

A

remaining blood in ventricle after contraction

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30
Q

ventricle diastole (diastolic blood pressure)

A

T wave
relaxation begins
-

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31
Q

2nd heart sound - dub

A

aortic valve closes

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32
Q

end diastole volume

A

maximum volume of blood in ventricle

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33
Q

stroke volume

A

volume of blood pumped in one heartbeat

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34
Q

SV EQUATION

A

EDV-ESV=SV

35
Q

ejection fraction

A

EDV-ESV/EDV OR SV/EDV=EF

36
Q

brachaycardia

A

slow HR
-larger LV nad bigger SV

37
Q

tachycardia

A

fast HR

38
Q

premature ventricular contraction

A

heart skips a beat

39
Q

vascular system

A

arteries: carry blood away from heart
arterioles: carry blood away from heart
capillaries: site of nutrient and waste exchange
venules: collect blood from venules back to heart
veins: carry blood from venules back to heart

40
Q

120/80

A

systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure

41
Q

purpose of respiratory system

A

to bring O2 and remove CO2 from the body

42
Q

respiratory system carried out by 3 processes

A
  1. pulmonary ventilation -breathing
  2. pulmonary diffusion -movement of gases
  3. gas exchange -transport gases via blood
43
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

moving air into and out of lungs
nose/mouth–pharynx—larynx—trachea—-bronchial tree–alvoli

44
Q

exchange zone

A

gas exchange between lung alveoli and capilarries

45
Q

pulmonary diffusion

A

gases diffuse from high to low concentrations until PO2 and PCO2 equilibrium

46
Q

arterial blood has higher ___and lower ___

A

O2 and CO2

47
Q

venous blood has highe ___ and lower___

A

CO2 and O2

48
Q

pulmonary gas exchange

A

replenishes blood oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

49
Q

systemic arteries PO2 and PCO2

A

PO2= 100 and PO2=40

50
Q

systemic veins PO2 and PCO2

A

PO2=40 and PCO2=46

51
Q

venous PO2 is always ____ than air we breathe

A

lower

52
Q

lower venous O2 =

A

bigger PO2 concentration gradient

53
Q

only bottom 1/3 of the lung with blood b/c

A

of vascualr shunting

54
Q

top 2/3 of the lung with blood b/c

A

of exercise

55
Q

system blood pressure increases

A

during exercise

56
Q

capilary diffusion =

A

gas exchange at the muscles

57
Q

Hemoglobin transports O2 from

A

lungs to muscle

58
Q

myoglobin transports O2 within

A

the muscle

59
Q

loading =

A

hemoglobin/myoglobin binding O2

60
Q

unloading=

A

hemoglobin/myoglobin binding O2 go

61
Q

useful for HB to have tight grip on O2 in

A

the lungs

62
Q

useful for HB to have a loose grip on O2 in

A

the muscle

63
Q

high affinity

A

tight grip

64
Q

low affinity

A

weak grip

65
Q

myoglobin affinity?

A

high affinity for O2

66
Q

factors influencing O2 delivery and uptake by the muscle

A
  1. O2 content of blood
  2. blood flow
  3. local conditions (ph, temperature PCO2)
67
Q

high O2 content of air =

A

greater diffusion of O2 into blood in lung

68
Q

decrease blood flow =

A

decrease opportunity to deliever O2 to tissues

69
Q

decrease in PH, increase in temperature and increase PCO2 =

A

promote unloading in tissue

70
Q

hemoglobin makeup

A

4 subunits, each with a heme group

71
Q

heme binds to

A

O2

72
Q

as more O2 unloads from HB =

A

the affinity for remaining O2 is lessened

73
Q

Hb is loaded with O2 at

A

the lungs and pumped to systemic circulation

74
Q

high PO2 in the

A

lungs

75
Q

low PO2 in

A

body tissues

76
Q

Bohr effect

A

increased affinity =less unloading
decreased affinity = more unloading

77
Q

acidity increases

A

unloading

78
Q

warmer blood temperature increases

A

unlaoding

79
Q

transport of CO2 in the blood in 3 ways

A
  1. a biocarbonate ions - HCO3
  2. dissolved in plasma
  3. bound to HB (carbaminohemoglobin)
80
Q

H+ binds to Hb triggers

A

Bohr effect

81
Q

acids

A

low ph and high H+

82
Q

bases

A

high ph and low H+

83
Q

role of cardiovascular system on acid-base balance

A

transport HB and RBC (bohr effect and production of bicarb)
-gas exchange (CO2 and O2)

ex phis (13 decks)

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