Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LING 313 Final Exam > Quiz 6 - Source Filter theory + Vowels > Flashcards

Quiz 6 - Source Filter theory + Vowels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the source-filter theory (hint : filling resonances)

A

This theory has 2 stages
1. Generation of a sound source that has its own structure and shape
2. The resonances in the VT will filter and sort the properties that will be produced for speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ‘source’ in the source-filter theory?

A

The glottal source –> the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the ‘filter’ in the source-filter theory?

A

The supra-laryngeal cavities (anything ABOVE vocal folds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the frequency at the vocal folds has a _______ energy

  1. Upward
  2. Downward
A
  1. Downward
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is PRAAT able to do with EEG tech?

A

Directly measure the activity of the vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

To crate source signals in PRAAT, what frequency do you need to be at for both points? and what about the range of points?

▶ New > Tiers > Create PitchTier…
▶ View & Edit > Add point at…: Time= 0.0 and Freq = ___
▶ View & Edit > Add point at…: Time= 0.5 and Freq = 100
▶ Synthesize > To PointProcess…
▶ select PointProcess object: Modify > Remove points between > put 0.25 and
0.30

A. 100;150; 0.30 and 0.25
B. 100;150; 0.25 and 0.30
C. 150;150; 0.25 and 0.30
D. 150;100; 0.25 and 0.30

A

D. 150;100; 0.25 and 0.30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the formula for finding the frequency harmonics (think about F)

A

F0 x the # of harmonic you want to find
E.g. 150 x 3 = 450 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can we calculate harmonics from a voiceless fricative (e.g., [f])?

A. Yes
B. No
C. Not sure

A

B. No
We can only calculate harmonics from PERIODICITY - that way we know that harmonics are also reliable!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a band has a higher and lower cut-off

A

Pass band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or false : the bandpass’s cutoff is the same on both sides

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After making a recording, you now want to keep the frequencies from 200Hz and above. What kind would you use

a. Bandpass filter
b. low pass filter
c. highpass filter

A

c. highpass filter - low cutoff = 200Hz, higher part = infinite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Our vocal tract acts as a series of _____ pass filters

A

band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the 3 steps for vocal tract band pass filter and what is the x and y

A
  1. Acoustic source
  2. Vocal tract filter
  3. Output sound

Amplitude, frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For input/output sound, the center frequencies of filters = _______, known as the ______

A

formants; vowels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the formula for a resonance of a tube open at both ends

A

Xn = 2L/n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false : a tube can have multiple resonant frequencies, but all get amplified

A

first part is true, but some get amplified and others get dampened

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A tube open on both ends = ___ wave length

A

1/2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In the formula Xn= 2L/n, the 2L stands for ___

A

F0 - the fundamental frequency

19
Q

Whats the formula for a wavelength of a resonance in a tube that is open on one end and what is its maximal wavelength overall

A

Xn = 4L/n; 1/4

20
Q

Our vocal tract acts like a tube which is closed at one end in the ________ and open at the other, the ______

A

larynx; oral cavity/lips

21
Q

What is a standing wave?

A

Waves that get sustained and the characteristic patterns from the modes of vibration associated with RESONANCE

22
Q

An antinode is found at the ___ of a wave and a node is found at the _____

A

peak/valley; zero line

23
Q

T or F : standing waves in a tube open on both sides have a antinode on the zero line

A

F, antinodes can’t be on the zero line

24
Q

What is the formula for 1st, 2nd, and 3rd standing waves for a tube open on both sides

A
  1. X1 = 2L
  2. X2 = L – 2L/2
  3. X3 = 2L/3
25
Q

T or F : even if a wave doesn’t survive, it can still oscillate

A

F : a wave has to survive to oscillate; has to meet certain conditions

26
Q

What is the formula for finding wavelengths on one side

A

Xn = 4L/(2n-1) - you need an odd number

27
Q

We have a tube that is open on side A and closed on side B. Which of the waves will not “stand” in the tube?
1. a wave that has nodes on both sides
2. a wave that has antinodes on both sides
3. a wave that has a node on side A and an antinode on side B
4. a wave that has an antinode on side A and a node on side B

A
  1. a wave that has an antinode on side A and a node on side B
28
Q

Formula for finding standing waves or resonant frequencies (2)

A
  1. fn = 35000cm/s / Xn
  2. fn = (2n-1)35000 cm/s / 4L
29
Q

When we make a schwa, what kind of tube do we have?

A

Single tube

30
Q

What are two ways we can model vowel production with tube models

A
  1. Two-tube models
  2. Helmholtz resonators
31
Q

What is a nomogram?

A

It is a diagram that represents the resonant frequency estimates from tube models

32
Q

Reminder : practice reading nomograms

A
33
Q

Where is the back cavity and the front cavity in a nomogram

A

back cavity is technically more on the right side and front cavity is on the left

34
Q

What do the lines in a nomogram represent?

A

Both for front and back cavity, the lines represent F1, F2 and f3

35
Q

What is a Helmholtz resonator? What does it look like?

A

the combination of the back cavity and a constriction (space between 2 tubes); looks like for example, a water bottle

36
Q

Where do we see the helmholtz resonator in a nomogram?

A

At the bottom of the nomogram, the first dotted line that shows up

37
Q

Which of the following statements are true for open-open tubes in acoustics?

a. You do not need to know the volume of the tube to find the resonant frequencies

b. They resonate at even multiples of the fundamental frequency.

c.
A tube of smaller radius will resonate a higher frequencies.

d. They resonate at odd multiples of the fundamental frequency.

A

a. You do not need to know the volume of the tube to find the resonant frequencies

b. They resonate at even multiples of the fundamental frequency.

38
Q

You are analyzing a speech recording of a speaker pronouncing vowels, and you are interested in isolating the frequency components to study fricatives like [s] and [ʃ], not the vowels. What type of filter would you apply to focus only on the fricative frequencies and above?

a. Low-pass filter followed by high-pass filter
b. Band-pass filter
c. High-pass filter
d. Low-pass filter

A

c. High-pass filter

39
Q

Mary has a tube that is 6 cm long. When she blew air over the top on one end while closing the other, she found that the lowest note that sustained in the tube had a frequency of 1400 Hz. What would be the frequency of the second standing wave for the tube?

700 Hz
4200 Hz
2800 Hz
2100 Hz

A

4200 Hz

40
Q

John has two tubes, A and B, of the same length. Tube A is open at both ends, while Tube B is closed at one end. Which of the following statements are true? (Select two correct answers.)

a. Tube A will accommodate half of the wavelength of the first standing wave.
b. The frequency of the first standing wave in Tube A will be half that of Tube B.
c. Tube B will accommodate ¼ of the wavelength of the first standing wave.
d. The frequency of the first standing wave in Tube A will be double that of Tube B.

A

Tube A will accommodate half of the wavelength of the first standing wave.

Tube B will accommodate ¼ of the wavelength of the first standing wave.

41
Q

Which one is true about the boundary conditions in a closed-open tube?

a. There is an antinode at the closed end and a node at the open end.

b. There is a node at the closed end and an antinode at the open end.

c. There are nodes at both the closed and open ends.

d. There are antinodes at both the closed and open ends.

A

b. There is a node at the closed end and an antinode at the open end.

42
Q

Which one is true about the boundary conditions in a open-open tube?

a. There is an antinode at the closed end and a node at the open end.

b. There is a node at one open end and an antinode at the open end.

c. There are nodes at both open ends.

d. There are antinodes at both open ends.

A

d. There are antinodes at both open ends.

43
Q

Which of the following are true when you produce a sustained vowel like [ɔ:]? (Two correct answers.)

a. The filter(s) your vocal tract is/are band-pass filters.

b. The filter(s) your vocal tract is/are low-pass filters.

c. Your supra-laryngeal cavity acts as a single filter.

d. Your supra-laryngeal cavity acts like it has multiple filters in sequence.

A

a. The filter(s) your vocal tract is/are band-pass filters.

d. Your supra-laryngeal cavity acts like it has multiple filters in sequence.

LING 313 Final Exam (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions