Quiz 2 Flashcards
The terms apical and laminal refer to :
- Coronal plosives made by the tip and blade of the tongue
- Coronal nasals made by the tip and blade of the tongue
- Coronal stops made by the tip and blade of the tongue
- All of the above
- None of the above
- All of the above
T or F : [d] is easier to produce and more prevalent across world languages than [t]
F - voiceless is easier than voiced
In which of the following scenarios is palatography the most appropriate method to analyze tongue placement during sound production? (Choose one correct answer.)
A) Analyzing the production of the vowel sound [i] in various dialects to determine tongue height and advancement.
B) Investigating the articulation of the fricative sound [ʃ] in individuals with speech sound disorders to observe contact patterns with the hard palate.
C) Examining the manner of articulation of the voiceless plosive [k] in different languages to compare velar closure.
D) Evaluating the production of nasal consonants, such as [m] and [n], to assess airflow and nasal cavity involvement.
B) Investigating the articulation of the fricative sound [ʃ] in individuals with speech sound disorders to observe contact patterns with the hard palate.
T or F : with MRI, we are able to see WHERE the tongue comes into contact with the hard palate
F : much easier with palatography
What is the main function for palatography; why would we want to use it?
A) To measure the frequency and intensity of speech sounds for acoustic analysis.
B) To visualize the contact patterns of the tongue against the palate during the articulation of speech sounds.
C) To assess the airflow patterns and pressure during the production of nasal sounds.
D) To evaluate the resonance characteristics of vowels in different speech contexts.
B) To visualize the contact patterns of the tongue against the palate during the articulation of speech sounds.
T or F : there are multiple ways to measure retroflex
T : it is NOT just a ‘curled tongue’
Describe the position of tongue in retroflexion
It has contact between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate
Sometimes the tongue curls back slightly but not in every case
Which of the following groups of sounds does NOT consist entirely of dorsal stops? (Choose one correct answer.)
A) [k], [g], [q], [ɢ]
B) [ŋ], [kʰ], [ɡʷ], [k’]
C) [ʔ], [k], [ɡ], [ɠ]
D) [c], [ɟ], [qʰ], [ɡʲ]
C) [ʔ], [k], [ɡ], [ɠ]
T or F : the contriction of palatal stops occurs at both the soft and hard palate
F : just the hard palate
What and why do glottal stops occur? (3)
They occur as a momentary ‘pause’ or delay as a closure of the airflow and the vocal folds in order to allow the differentiation of sounds
1. Allophonic variation
2. Epenthesis
3. Phonemic contrast - the glottal stop as a distinctive contrast to other sounds
T of F : Voiceless nasal are impossible - going through the nasal cavity means that stops have to be voiced
F - they are possible
What characterizes fricatives?
There is constriction at some point in the oral cavity, leaving a small amount of space for air to escape, creating a turbulent ‘hissing’ sound
T or F : only a small % of languages actually have bilabial or labiodental fricatives
F : Generally, most languages have both of these fricatives
How do we make approximants?
A relatively open vocal tract - one articulator gets really close to another, without actually touching eachother
How do we make laterals?
Making a constriction at the center, but with the airflow at the sides, varying between dental and velar positions
Which one of these is NOT a fricative?
[s’]
[ʃ’]
[ǂ͡χ]
[ǁ]
[ǁ] - this is a lateral click
How do we make trills? If made correctly, what parts should be shaking?
There is a vibration of the active articulator with the passive one.
Lips, tongue tip, uvula
Which kind of trill are very rare? :
/ʀ/
/r/
/ʙ/
/ʙ/
/ʀ/
How are taps made? Give an example of a word that has a ‘front’ tap and a ‘back’ flap
Very quick movement on an articulator, so that it ‘brushes’ it and makes a quick tap
1. Potty
2. Smarty
Which of the following are not found in a glottalic ingressive airstream :
/ɓ/
/ɠ/
/ʘ/
/pʼ/
/ɗ/
/ʘ/
/pʼ/
T or F : All three non pulmonic sounds are able to produce stops
F: only clicks and implosives
In which of the following sounds does the larynx go down in the production process?
/ɓ/
/kʼ/
/ǃ/
/ɠ/
/ʙ/
in implosives : /ɓ/, /ɠ/
In which of the following sounds does the larynx go up in the production process?
/ɓ/
/kʼ/
/ǃ/
/ɠ/
/ʙ/
In clicks : /ǃ/
Which set of sounds has one element that is dissimilar from the other two (in terms of voicing, place and manner)? (One correct answer.)
[N, R, ʁ]
[f, ç, ʂ]
[β, m, B]
[ɬ, ɹ, ɻ]
[ɬ, ɹ, ɻ]
Which set of sounds have elements that all involve airflow from inside the body to the outside? (One correct answer.)
[p, p’, s]
[ǂ, ɗ, k’]
[t, j, !]
[l, r, ɠ]
- egressive airflow : [p, p’, s]
Which of the following are technically impossible to produce (in terms of voicing, place and manner)? (Two correct answers.)
voiceless postalveolar trills
voiceless labiodental lateral fricative
voiced labiodental oral stop
voiceless velar trill
voiceless labiodental lateral fricative
voiceless velar trill
Which set has two sounds that are different by only a single parameter? (Two correct answers.)
[ɖ] vs. [ʂ]
[m] vs. [ɳ]
[q] vs. [ʁ]
[q] vs. [χ]
[m] vs. [ɳ]
[q] vs. [χ]
Which ones are true? (one correct answer)
implosives cannot be voiceless
ejectives cannot be voiceless
click sounds are always stop sounds
ejectives require the lowering of the larynx
click sounds are always stop sounds
