Quiz 10 - Oral stops + Nasal Acoustics Flashcards
Name all sounds with ‘occlusions’ in the VT
- Implosives
- Ejectives
- Clicks
- Stops
- Nasals
The aspiration in stop sounds can/cannot be sustained
cannot
Vowels, fricatives and stops all have static targets?
F - stops have dynamic
Name the 5 stages of a stop
- Shutting
- Full closure
- Burst
- Release
- Fully opened phase
T or F : the front cavity gives further info about the filter (in source/filter)
T
A Helmholtz resonator is created everytime you go from fully ______ to fully _______
- closed; open
- open; closed
- closed; open
T or F : with the software that we have today, we are fully able to detect closure duration
F - is it still hard, is silence
Shutting phase - stops : name the sources + filters
- Glottis - voicing, glottalization, pre-aspiration
- Front and back cavities (for voicing source at glottis)
Closure - stops : sources + filters
- Glottis - voicing
- Facial tissue
T or F : the source and the filters for voiced and voiceless stops
F - voiceless stops have no source or filters
Burst - stops : sources + filter
- Transient - the pressure equalization at location of release
- Front cavity in front of POA (like a fric)
Opening - stops : sources + filter
- Glottis (voicing, aspiration) AND frication (at glottis + POA)
- mostly front cavity (for fric noise)
front and back cavs for a source made at GLOTTIS
T or F : in stops release timing, a smaller cavity will resonate at a higher frequency
F - small and small
Which of the following (one only) is responsible for the different frequency peaks of [k] vs [t] vs [m]
a. pressure
b. amplitude
c. POA
d. distance from glottis
c. POA
Why does an alveolar or dental stops have higher frequency peaks than palatal or velar stops?
Dental and alveolar have a shorter front cavity
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between affricates and fricatives in terms of their acoustic properties?
A) Affricates have a shorter rise-time than fricatives.
B) Fricatives have a shorter rise-time than affricates.
C) Affricates and fricatives have identical types of pressure in their POA.
D) Neither rise time or pressure not relevant to distinguishing affricates from fricatives.
A) Affricates have a shorter rise-time than fricatives.
Which of the following statements about stops and their acoustic properties is true?
A) Stop place of articulation does not affect formant transitions.
B) Formant transitions are observed only during the shutting phase of a stop.
C) Locus frequencies are hypothetical values associated with the center of a stop closure.
D) Stop place of articulation has no connection to locus frequencies.
C) Locus frequencies are hypothetical values associated with the center of a stop closure.
Lotus frequencies
Locus frequencies are hypothetical values associated with the center of a stop closure.
A burst is usually less than ____ ms
10
T or F : to see actual formants for a stop in a narrowband spectrum, you need a window of 50ms
F - 30ms
T or F : In formant transitions for stops, F1 and F2 have an equal value
F- because we know that F1 will always go up, we care about F2
Difference in formants between a sound like [ba] and [ga]
The F2 in [b] will be lower, in [g] will be higher
Which of the following best describes the role of acoustic cues in stop consonant perception?
A) Formant transitions primarily provide place of articulation cues, while bursts are secondary and context-dependent.
B) Bursts are the sole determinant of stop perception, as they contain all relevant spectral information.
C) Both formant transitions and bursts are integral to stop consonant perception, with their relative importance varying by phonetic context and listener experience.
D) Neither formant transitions nor bursts play a significant role; stop consonant perception relies solely on vowel context.
C) Both formant transitions and bursts are integral to stop consonant perception, with their relative importance varying by phonetic context and listener experience.
What will our auditory system do immediately after theres a burst after silence?
will MAGNIFY it
T or F : periods of silence affect the amplitude in which our auditory system will perceive a sound
T - after silence comes a louder burst
Nasals can be produced at all POAs except for _______ and ______ (hint : PG-13)
pharyngeal and glottal
Are nasals typically voiced or voiceless
Voiced
T or F : the uvular nasal is the easiest nasal consonant to produce and model
F - just model
Why is the uvular trill easiest to model?
Because it represents a single-tube model, like a schwa
name the openings for a uvular nasal (3)
- Pharynx - small
- Velar passage - a bit wider
- Nostrils - small
Why are formants in nasals lowered?
Because at the opening of the sound (the nostrils) theres also the constriction, therefore an antinode there, decreasing the frequency
Difference between a schwa’s tube model and a uvular nasal
Schwa has a shorter tube and therefore HIGHER freqs
Nasal has longer tube –> LOWER freqs
T or F : both lip rounding and nostrils are contributing places for the lowering of all formants
T
Name the 3 big factors causing nasal lowering
Tube is longer
Nostrils give pressure/squeeze air
Less amplitude (from lower frequency and lower intensity then) –> less energy
T or F : vowels have a larger bandwidth than nasals
F - nasals have less energy and have more dampening of the sine waves
Larger bandwidth = _______ (2)
Lower energy/amplitude, loudness
Which of the following is not a reason for the increased damping and bandwidth of sine waves in nasals?
A) The soft walls of the vocal tract absorb sound and dampen the resonant frequencies.
B) Nasals have more surface area for absorption, leading to increased damping compared to oral sounds.
C) The larger bandwidths in nasals result in higher amplitude/energy compared to vowels.
D) Nasals have inherently lower amplitude/energy compared to vowels due to increased damping.
C) The larger bandwidths in nasals result in higher amplitude/energy compared to vowels.
T or F : NO nasals have antiformants
F - nearly all do
Anti-formants
the formants that didn’t actually make it to the output signal because smt hated it
In comparison to a uvular trill, what is added antiformant-wise to the sound [m]
A side cavity in the mouth to the nasal tube
T or F : the frequencies that are found in the side cavity of a nasal will be subtracted from the signals
T
Nasals - when we see a subtraction of the mouth frequencies, what do we see in the spectrogram
a blank space that kind of dampens the other formants
Following are the first anti-formants for three different nasal consonants. Which one has the frontest place of articulation?
A. 700 Hz
B. 1100 Hz
C. 1600 Hz
A. 700 Hz
Fronter –> the longer the tube –> the lower the freq
T or F : The frequencies of the anti-formants doesn’t depend on the length of the oral tube.
F
In a nasal vowel, both cavities are open or just one?
Both
A) They include only formants from the oral cavity, as the nasal cavity does not contribute to the resonance.
B) They include formants from the oral cavity and anti-formants from the nasal cavity, resulting in complex signal patterns.
C) They include anti-formants only, as the nasal cavity cancels the oral cavity’s resonances entirely.
D) They include formants and anti-formants, but only the nasal cavity contributes formants in nasalized vowels.
B) They include formants from the oral cavity and anti-formants from the nasal cavity, resulting in complex signal patterns.
T or F : sinuses make it less complicated to study nasal vowels because they act as Helm. resonators
F - they are more complicated, the HElm. res. add their own anti-formants to the signals
