Quiz 4 Flashcards
Voicing | Basic Acoustics
The Bernoulli principle plays a active role in producing which sets of sounds. (Two correct answers.)
[æ, m]
[ɯ, ʂ]
[ɬ, n]
[l, u]
[æ, m]
[l, u]
these are the VOICED sets
In which set, all of the sounds require the subglottal pressure to be higher than the supra-glottal pressure? (Two correct answers.)
Incorrect answer:
[ʘ, k’]
[m, u]
[ɛ, ɓ]
[s, !]
[m, u]
[ɛ, ɓ]
Assuming that the atmospheric pressure is 1033 cm H2O, which of the following scenario is ideal for creating voicing of the vocal folds? (One correct answer.)
A. sub-glottal pressure of 5500
B. sub-glottal pressure of 1031
C. sub-glottal pressure of 1036
D. sub-glottal pressure of 1130
C. sub-glottal pressure of 1036
Sub glottal pressure needs to be AT LEAST 2 cm H20 greater than supra glottal pressure for voicing
Which of the following is true about longitudinal waves? (Two correct answers.)
A. In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the wave direction.
B. In longitudinal waves, particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
C. It is possible for longitudinal waves to have the property of wavelength.
D. It is not possible to calculate period from longitudinal waves.
B. In longitudinal waves, particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
C. It is possible for longitudinal waves to have the property of wavelength.
Emma is trying to artificially generate a wave with a frequency of 500 Hz. Which of the following is true about the wave? (One correct answer.)
Two full oscillations of the wave will take:
A. 20 milliseconds
B. 4 milliseconds
C. 10 milliseconds
D. 2 milliseconds
D. Frequency is per second, you need to find milliseconds
to find that : 1/500 = 0.002 x 2 = 4 milliseconds
What formula do we use to convert seconds into milliseconds for wave oscillations
ms = 1/frequency
What is the process of voicing?
- Width of the glottis
- Need to lower or raise the larynx
- Timing - duration of voicing + relativity to oral movement
T or F : both the thyro-arytenoid muscles AND air pull the vocal folds apart
F : it is JUST air, because of aerodynamics
How do our muscles come into play with voicing
We create a condition with the muscles in our larynx where vibration is possible if air flows with the RIGHT amount of PRESSURE
Bernouille’s principle - steps
- Air flows between folds.
- Vocal folds are pulled apart.
- Space between the folds create a FAST movement
- Increase in volume, and a DROP in pressure
- Drop in pressure pulls the vocal folds BACK together
Poll question
During the process of voicing, what is the primary reason the vocal folds come back together after being blown apart by airflow?
A. Muscle contraction pulls the vocal folds back together.
B. Vocal folds are pulled back together due to a drop in pressure between them.
C. Elasticity of the vocal folds naturally restores them to their original position.
D. Increased subglottal pressure forces the vocal folds to close again.
B. Vocal folds are pulled back together due to a drop in pressure between them.
What pressure is at the ‘ready position’ for voicing - sub glottal to supraglottal
Has to be AT LEAST 2cm H20 greater than supraglottal
Why are bilabial plosives easier to voice than velar plosives
Bilabials have a larger oral cavity so less pressure - easier to sustain the pressure below the vocal folds
Modal voicing
The regular voicing in MOST vowels
Non-modal voicing
Irregular voicing in vowels, such as breathiness and creakiness
How is creaky voice created?
The arytenoid cartilages are TIGHTLY together and only the ANTERIOR end vibrates
How is breathy voice created?
The vocal folds are veryyyy loose and air gets through with each cycle
What is VOT?
The time between the release of a stop and the BEGINNING of voicing of the next sounds
Transverse waves moves ______ and ______ and longitudinal waves move ______ and _______
A. Up;down;up;down
B. Forward; backwards; up; down
C. Up; down; forward; backward
C. Up; down; forward; backward
T or F : in transverse and longitudinal waves, it is the air particles themselves that move
F - the waves travel, the air particles don’t
Wavelength is measured in ____ and period is measured in _____
distance measures (cm, mm, m); time measures (ms, s, h)
Displacement refers to :
- The change in the position of the medium from its starting position
- The specific change from one peak to the next peak
- The amount of oscillations in each wave
- The change in the position of the medium from its starting position
T or F : both transverse and longitudinal waves follow the sine wave function
T
The peak, in waveform, corresponds to :
- Concentration of particles, called rarifaction
- Decrease of particles, called rarifactions
- Concentration of particles, called compression
- Concentration of particles, called compression
What is rarifaction in waveforms?
Corresponds to the part in a wave that shows a lesser amount of air particles
A greater absolute amplitude value in a transverse wave is analogous to greater compression area in a longitudinal wave.
A. Agree
B. Disagree
C. Not sure
Agree - greater amplitude, greater compression
Frequency refers to cycles per _____ and is measured in _____
second; Hz
Intensity of waves looks at ______ and are measured in ____
oscillations; db
A ____ refers to the starting point of a wave until it has complete 1 full cycle and is typically measured in _____
phase; degrees
Amplitude
The distance between zero line and peak or valley (sine waves will oscillate between -1 and 1 after doing the sine function)
Which properties of sounds are more relevant for studying speech sounds. A. Frequency
B. Amplitude
C. Phase
D. Only A and B
D. Only A and B
T or F : a graph showing wavelength has ONE particle and a graph showing a period shows many particles
F : the opposite
What is possible wavelength of the blue wave?
A. 30 meter
B. 30 seconds
C. 20 milliseconds
D. 20 meter/second
A. 30 meter
