Quiz 11 - Laterals, Rhotics, Voice quality Flashcards
T or F : Laterals aren’t similar to nasals
F
Featured characteristics about laterals
Air flows out over the sides of the tongue
T or F: only nasals have a side branch cavity
F, laterals have one
Where is the side branch for laterals
The small [okcet of air on top of tongue
Where do antiformants come from?
the side branch cavity
T or F : antiformants will or won’t resemble the other formants
Wont follow the exact pattern
WHy do laterals usually have a lower f1 than predicted
Because the tube DIAMETER in front of constriction is more narrow than the one behind
Around what frequency for laterals is a antiformant meant to be around
2000Hz
T or F : nasals have a longer tube which means that they have higher frequencies than laterals
First part is true, but nasals have a lower frequency than laterals
t or F : rhotics typically follow the same relative PHONOLOGICAL pattern
T
Similarity between different rhotics
lowered R3
Rhotics are often grouped as a phonetic/phonological class
phonological
Explain using the perturbation theory why the F3 is lowered a LOT in rhotics
Because using the theory, a formant is lowered if there’s a constriction around an antinode
In general for rhotics, we care most about the F3
True
Name the three general types of voicing (hint : cmb)
Creaky, modal, breathy
Difference in vocal folds between creakiness and breathiness
creaky - VC are tighty together when vibrating
breathy - VC stay apart
T or F : in breathiness, the posterior part remains closed
F, open
The posterior/anterior part of the vocal folds vibrates during creaky voice
anterior
What does EGG allow us to see?
Indications of the phases of the glottis during closure and opening
The open phase is longest in the breathy/creaky voice
breathy
Jitters vs shimmer
Jitters = variation in the DURATION of successive fundamental vocal pulses
Shimmer = cycle-to-cycle variations in the amplitude (loudness) of a vocal signal
Breathy/creaky voice has irregular glottal pulses
creaky
Out of the three types of voicing, WHO has the highest shimmer?
Creaky - most irregular
In Praat, a dark vertical line = ____ cycle
1 cycle
If creakiness is towards the end of the vowel, and we wanna see jitters in Praat, what do we do?
Lower the threshold to account for lower freqs, F0
Unit for spectral tilt
dB
spectral tilt - what it is, what it does
frequency used acoustic measure of phonation
- measures the degree to which intensity drops off as freq increases
In spectral tilt, what is A1 or A2
Amplitude of 1st formant, 2nd
Who has the highest H1-H2 and the lowest
breathy, creaky
What is Harmonics-to-noise ratio/Harmonicity
Looks at 2 energies, aperiodic and periodic
The RATIO between AMOUNT of periodic and aperiodic energy in the VOICING signal
Why is harmonicity better to choose from that spectral tilt
Because it is hard to determine male or female breathiness from the 1st and 2nd harmonic
