Quiz 11 - Laterals, Rhotics, Voice quality

Question 1

T or F : Laterals aren’t similar to nasals

Answer 1

F

Question 2

Featured characteristics about laterals

Answer 2

Air flows out over the sides of the tongue

Question 3

T or F: only nasals have a side branch cavity

Answer 3

F, laterals have one

Question 4

Where is the side branch for laterals

Answer 4

The small [okcet of air on top of tongue

Question 5

Where do antiformants come from?

Answer 5

the side branch cavity

Question 6

T or F : antiformants will or won’t resemble the other formants

Answer 6

Wont follow the exact pattern

Question 7

WHy do laterals usually have a lower f1 than predicted

Answer 7

Because the tube DIAMETER in front of constriction is more narrow than the one behind

Question 8

Around what frequency for laterals is a antiformant meant to be around

Answer 8

2000Hz

Question 9

T or F : nasals have a longer tube which means that they have higher frequencies than laterals

Answer 9

First part is true, but nasals have a lower frequency than laterals

Question 10

t or F : rhotics typically follow the same relative PHONOLOGICAL pattern

Answer 10

T

Question 11

Similarity between different rhotics

Answer 11

lowered R3

Question 12

Rhotics are often grouped as a phonetic/phonological class

Answer 12

phonological

Question 13

Explain using the perturbation theory why the F3 is lowered a LOT in rhotics

Answer 13

Because using the theory, a formant is lowered if there’s a constriction around an antinode

Question 14

In general for rhotics, we care most about the F3

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Name the three general types of voicing (hint : cmb)

Answer 15

Creaky, modal, breathy

Question 16

Difference in vocal folds between creakiness and breathiness

Answer 16

creaky - VC are tighty together when vibrating
breathy - VC stay apart

Question 17

T or F : in breathiness, the posterior part remains closed

Answer 17

F, open

Question 18

The posterior/anterior part of the vocal folds vibrates during creaky voice

Answer 18

anterior

Question 19

What does EGG allow us to see?

Answer 19

Indications of the phases of the glottis during closure and opening

Question 20

The open phase is longest in the breathy/creaky voice

Answer 20

breathy

Question 21

Jitters vs shimmer

Answer 21

Jitters = variation in the DURATION of successive fundamental vocal pulses
Shimmer = cycle-to-cycle variations in the amplitude (loudness) of a vocal signal

Question 22

Breathy/creaky voice has irregular glottal pulses

Answer 22

creaky

Question 23

Out of the three types of voicing, WHO has the highest shimmer?

Answer 23

Creaky - most irregular

Question 24

In Praat, a dark vertical line = ____ cycle

Answer 24

1 cycle

Question 25

If creakiness is towards the end of the vowel, and we wanna see jitters in Praat, what do we do?

Answer 25

Lower the threshold to account for lower freqs, F0

Question 26

Unit for spectral tilt

Answer 26

dB

Question 27

spectral tilt - what it is, what it does

Answer 27

frequency used acoustic measure of phonation
- measures the degree to which intensity drops off as freq increases

Question 28

In spectral tilt, what is A1 or A2

Answer 28

Amplitude of 1st formant, 2nd

Question 29

Who has the highest H1-H2 and the lowest

Answer 29

breathy, creaky

Question 30

What is Harmonics-to-noise ratio/Harmonicity

Answer 30

Looks at 2 energies, aperiodic and periodic
The RATIO between AMOUNT of periodic and aperiodic energy in the VOICING signal

Question 31

Why is harmonicity better to choose from that spectral tilt

Answer 31

Because it is hard to determine male or female breathiness from the 1st and 2nd harmonic