Quiz 5 vocabulary

Question 1

Anterior

Answer 1

at or towards the head of the body; opposed to posterior

Question 2

Blastocoele

Answer 2

fluid-filled cavity within a blastocyst

Question 3

Blastocyst

Answer 3

term for an elderly embryo after formation of a blastocoele and an outer layer of cells known as the trophoblast

Question 4

Capacitation of sperm

Answer 4

Physiological process within the female reproductive tract by which spermatozoa gain the capacity to fertilize an oocyte

Question 5

Cloning

Answer 5

the process of producing genetically identical animals

Question 6

Conceptus

Answer 6

the whole product of conception throughout gestation; includes the embryo (or fetus) and placental fluids and membranes

Question 7

Differentiation

Answer 7

the acquisition of individual characteristics by the cells and tissues of an embryo

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

having two sets of chromosomes (2N). Somatic cells are ordinarily diploid in chromosome constitution in contrast to the haploid gametic cells

Question 9

Distal

Answer 9

Remote, as opposed to close or proximal

Question 10

Embryo

Answer 10

a young organism in the early stages of development; includes stages from a 2-cell embryo until morphogenesis is completed

Question 11

Embryology

Answer 11

The science of the development of the embryo; the features and phenomena exhibited during the formation and development of an embryo

Question 12

Ectoderm

Answer 12

the outermost layer of cells in an embryo

Question 13

Endoderm

Answer 13

the innermost layer of cells in an embryo

Question 14

Fetus

Answer 14

the young in an animal in the uterus, from time of complete tissue differentiation until birth

Question 15

Gastrula

Answer 15

an early stage of embryonic development in which the embryo consists of three distinct germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 16

Gastrulation

Answer 16

process by which a gastrula is formed

Question 17

Haploid

Answer 17

having a single set of chromosomes (1N), as in the mature gametes

Question 18

Intromission

Answer 18

insertion of the penis into the vagina

Question 19

In vitro

Answer 19

that which takes place outside the living body

Question 20

In vivo

Answer 20

that which takes place within the living body

Question 21

Mesoderm

Answer 21

The middle layer of cells in an embryo

Question 22

Parthenogenesis

Answer 22

the embryonic development of an ovum without fertilization by a sperm

Question 23

Posterior

Answer 23

caudal, at or towards the hind end of the body

Question 24

Proximal

Answer 24

close as opposed to remote

Question 25

Somatic

Answer 25

referring to body tissues; having two sets of chromosomes

Question 26

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)

Answer 26

a method of cloning in which a diploid cell (somatic cell) donates a nucleus to an oocyte from which the chromosomes have been removed (enucleation). The donated nucleus is ‘reprogrammed’ by the cytoplasm of the oocyte and embryonic development is initiated

Question 27

Superfetation

Answer 27

simultaneous development of two sets of fetuses, of different ages, in the uterus

Question 28

Syngamy

Answer 28

the union of the male and female pronuclei within the vitellus of the fertilized oocyte

Question 29

Teratology

Answer 29

the science concerned with abnormal development and congenital malformations

Question 30

Totipotency

Answer 30

the ability of a single cell to develop into a complete organism

Question 31

Trophoblast

Answer 31

the outer cell layer of the blastocyst that will subsequently form the chorion

Question 32

Zygote

Answer 32

The cell produced by the union of sperm and ovum at fertilization