Quiz 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

cells with cytoplasmic granules that stain readily with acid dyes.

Answer 1

acidophils

Question 2

a substance that can bind to a receptor and act like a native substance resulting in the normal physiologic response

Answer 2

Agonist

Question 3

a substance that inhibits the normal action of a hormone or native substance

Answer 3

antagonist

Question 4

hormones with masculinizing properties

Answer 4

androgen

Question 5

when a hormone stimulates the same cell from which it is secreted

Answer 5

autocrine communication

Question 6

a group of cells containing granules which stain readily with basic dyes

Answer 6

Basophil

Question 7

Qualitative or quantitative determination of a substance using living biological material

Answer 7

Bioassay

Question 8

Failure of the mammalian testes to descent into the scrotum

Answer 8

cryptorchidism

Question 9

decrease in the number of receptors on a target tissue

Answer 9

down regulation

Question 10

the study of the actions and interactions of the secretions of the endocrine glands

Answer 10

Endocrinology

Question 11

Secretion of a hormone from an endocrine gland which is transported in the blood to a target organ

Answer 11

Endocrine secretion

Question 12

A gland that secretes its product directly into the blood instead of into ducts

Answer 12

Endocrine gland

Question 13

That which originates within the body

Answer 13

endogenous

Question 14

a protein capable of accelerating some biochemical change in its substrate for which it is usually specific

Answer 14

Enzyme

Question 15

Hormones that promote estrus and stimulate secondary sexual characteristics in females

Answer 15

Estrogen

Question 16

Secretion of a product into a duct

Answer 16

Exocrine secretion

Question 17

That which is introduced into the body from outside

Answer 17

Exogenous

Question 18

Can be positive or negative. a physiological mechanism by which the secretion of a hormone from a target organ is either inhibited or stimulated when the circulating concentration of the hormone attains a specific level

Answer 18

Feedback

Question 19

protein conjugated with a carbohydrate group

Answer 19

glycoprotein

Question 20

a primary sex gland, an ovary or testis

Answer 20

Gonad

Question 21

the time required for one half of a substance to be cleared from the body

Answer 21

half-life

Question 22

Maintenance of a constant internal environment. This is the goal of physiological mechanisms

Answer 22

Homeostasis

Question 23

A chemical signal that is secreted directly into the blood by an endocrine gland and that elicits a physiological response from a target tissue

Answer 23

Hormone

Question 24

a reduction in the number of receptors for a specific hormone

Answer 24

hormone receptor down regulation

Question 25

removal of the hypophysis (pituitary) by surgery

Answer 25

Hypophysectomy

Question 26

Pituitary gland

Answer 26

Hypophysis

Question 27

a collection of nerve cell bodies in a specific location within the hypothalamus that control a physiological response

Answer 27

Hypothalamic nucleus

Question 28

when a hormone stimulates a cell without being secreted

Answer 28

intracrine communication

Question 29

an enzyme that phosphorylates a protein

Answer 29

kinase

Question 30

any substance that binds specifically and reversibly to another chemical entity

Answer 30

Ligand

Question 31

A protein conjugated with a lipid

Answer 31

lipoprotein

Question 32

a hormone or signal that promotes the maintenance and function of a corpus luteum

Answer 32

luteotropin

Question 33

a hormone or signal that causes the corpus luteum to regress (luteolysis)

Answer 33

Luteolysin

Question 34

The development of form; the development undergone by an organism to approximate to the type of its species

Answer 34

morphogenesis

Question 35

the science of the form and structure of organisms

Answer 35

Morphology

Question 36

a hormone that is secreted directly from a neuron into the blood

Answer 36

Neurohormone

Question 37

when a hormone stimulates an adjacent cell without entering the blood

Answer 37

paracrine communication

Question 38

addition of a phosphate group to a protein

Answer 38

Phosphorylation

Question 39

the science which deals with the functions of the living body and its organs

Answer 39

physiology

Question 40

a hormone that has biological activity similar to progesterone

Answer 40

Progestogen

Question 41

a molecular biology term in which a signal outside a cell causes a response inside the cell

Answer 41

signal transduction

Question 42

a group name for compounds that chemically resemble cholesterol

Answer 42

steroid

Question 43

the synthesis of a steroid by a cell

Answer 43

steroidogenesis

Question 44

the joint action of two or more hormones or structures so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual affects

Answer 44

Synergism

Question 45

an organ that is able to respond to a hormone

Answer 45

target organ