Quiz 4 Vocabulary

Question 1

absence or cessation of the menstrual cycle

Answer 1

amenorrhea

Question 2

expression of estrus without ovulation

Answer 2

anovulatory estrus

Question 3

programmed cell death as occurs during luteolysis

Answer 3

apoptosis

Question 4

absence of estrous cycles or a period of sexual inactivity between two breeding seasons

Answer 4

Anestrus

Question 5

A cavity is formed by the separation of follicular cells, within which lies the oocyte. It is lined by the mural granulosa cells and contains the follicular fluid

Answer 5

Antrum

Question 6

Degenerative changes undergone by unruptured follicles in the ovaries

Answer 6

Atresia

Question 7

A pair of female glands homologous to the bulbo-urethral glands of the male: located on each side of the urethral orifice; they secrete a lubricating mucus into the vestibule

Answer 7

Bartholin’s glands

Question 8

opening of the cervix

Answer 8

cervical os

Question 9

refers to being on the opposite side

Answer 9

contralateral

Question 10

granulosa cells located in the vicinity of the oocyte

Answer 10

cumulus cells

Question 11

a vesicle or sac containing a fluid or semisolid substance

Answer 11

cyst

Question 12

to distend; widen above beyond normal limits

Answer 12

Dilate

Question 13

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces of the body

Answer 13

Edema

Question 14

inner layers of the wall of the uterus consisting of the epithelial lining of the lumen, the glandular layer, and connective tissue

Answer 14

Endometrium

Question 15

Characterized by a defined period of sexual receptivity and the length of the cycle in nonpregnant cattle is determined by the interval from one estrus to the next

Answer 15

Estrous cycle

Question 16

The period of sexual receptivity during an estrous cycle. When a cow or heifer will stand to be mounted

Answer 16

Estrus

Question 17

a group of follicles that grow in sync during the menstrual or estrous cycle. These follicles are usually 2–5 mm in size and are similar in diameter, but not identical

Answer 17

Follicular wave

Question 18

Refers to the first stage of a follicular wave during which a cohort of small follicles begin to grow from a pool of antral follicles

Answer 18

Recruitment

Question 19

It occurs approximately 36-48 hours after the initiation of recruitment, at which time one follicle becomes larger than the others in the cohort. The remaining follicles in the cohort degeneration.

Answer 19

Selection

Question 20

Characterized by the growth of the selected follicle into a dominant follicle. The follicle is dominant in terms of its size and influence over other follicles.

Answer 20

Dominance

Question 21

a germ cell of either sex

Answer 21

gamete

Question 22

Excess of blood in any part of the body

Answer 22

Hyperemia

Question 23

Excessive increase in size of an organ or tissue, as from unusual stimulation

Answer 23

Hypertrophy

Question 24

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

Answer 24

Hyperplasia

Question 25

Refers to being on the same side

Answer 25

Ipsilateral

Question 26

Stage of the estrous cycle when the corpus luteum is active and progesterone influence predominates

Answer 26

Luteal phase

Question 27

The process of corpus luteum regression and death

Answer 27

Luteolysis

Question 28

pertaining to the mother

Answer 28

maternal

Question 29

the process by which the embryo signals its presence to the mother

Answer 29

Maternal recognition of pregnancy

Question 30

termination of menstrual cycles due to a decrease in the population of ovarian follicles below a threshold level

Answer 30

Menopause

Question 31

Reproductive cycle occurring in humans and some other species of primates in the absence of pregnancy

Answer 31

Menstrual cycle

Question 32

Regular sloughing of the endometrial lining that occurs near the end of the nonpregnant menstrual cycle

Answer 32

Menstruation (menses)

Question 33

The granulosa cells that make up the wall of the Graafian follicle

Answer 33

Mural granulosa cells

Question 34

The muscular substance of the uterus consisting of three layers, internal circular layer, external longitudinal layer and separating these, the vascular layer

Answer 34

Myometrium

Question 35

Form of cell death resulting from damage to the cell or tissue

Answer 35

Necrosis

Question 36

The cell divisions, including meiosis, through which the germ cells of the female pass before they are mature and ready for fertilization

Answer 36

oogenesis

Question 37

a mature female gamete which is analogous to the male gamete

Answer 37

oocyte

Question 38

opening of a tubular organ such as the oviduct

Answer 38

ostium

Question 39

the engulfing of micro-organisms, cells or foreign particles by certain cells

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

the state of possessing more than two full sets of homologous chromosomes in each somatic cell

Answer 40

polyploidy

Question 41

set of blood vessels carrying the blood between two organs, for example from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary or from digestive organs and spleen to the liver

Answer 41

portal system

Question 42

The phase of the estrous cycle when the corpus luteum is active, and the endometrium is under the influence of progesterone

Answer 42

Progestational

Question 43

refers to a developmental process during which a species attains the ability to reproduce

Answer 43

Puberty

Question 44

ovulation without behavioral estrus

Answer 44

silent ovulation

Question 45

the site of follicular rupture on the Graafian follicle wall at ovulation

Answer 45

stigma

Question 46

the tissue that makes up framework, ground substance or matrix of an organ

Answer 46

stroma

Question 47

refers to being on the same side

Answer 47

unilateral

Question 48

vaginitis

Answer 48

inflammation of the vagina

Question 49

cytoplasm of an oocyte

Answer 49

vitellus

Question 50

the plasma membrane of the oocyte

Answer 50

vitelline membrane

Question 51

a thick mucoprotein coat surrounding the oocyte

Answer 51

Zona pellucida