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Repro Phys > Quiz 4 Lecture Material > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Lecture Material Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the follicle

A

oocyte in the middle
cumulus granulosa
antrum
mural granulosa
basement membrane
theca internal
theca external

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2
Q

Primordial follicle characteristics

A

only one layer of flat granulosa cells

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3
Q

primary follicle characteristics

A

one layer of cubodial granulosa cells

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4
Q

Secondary follicle characteristics

A

two or more layers of cubodial granulosa
one theca layer is seen

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5
Q

Tertiary follicle characteristics

A

fluid can be seen but does not surround the oocyte
Two theca layers are seen

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6
Q

Antral follicle characteristic

A

ready for ovulation
antrum surrounds the oocyte

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7
Q

Postnatal follicles are also known as

A

gonadotropin independent
Do not require LH and FSH

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8
Q

Gonadotropin-dependent follicles need what to grow

A

FSH to go from secondary to tertiary
LH to go from tertiary to Graafian

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9
Q

Notch signaling gene

A

reduced germ nest breakdown and decreased the percentage of primordial follicles

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10
Q

NOBOX

A

reduced germ nest breakdown, decreasing the percentage of primordial follicle formation with high oocytes in nests and ultimately oocyte degenerate

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11
Q

Figla (factor in germline)

A

disruption of primordial follicle formation and subsequent loss of oocytes

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12
Q

A Nobox deleted mouse will have what type of follicles

A

Nest
degenerated follicles

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13
Q

Wildtype ovary will show what type of ovary

A

all follicle stages

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14
Q

Fox12 gene

A

Forkhead box L2
transcription factor required for granulosa cell differentiation

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15
Q

Nobox genes

A

oocyte specific homeobox gene

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16
Q

Sohlh1 and 2

A

oogenesis basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is essential for oogenesis

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17
Q

Lhx8

A

Lim homeobox gene
essential for mouse oocyte differentiation and survival

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18
Q

What happens if you limit
Fox12
Nobox
Sohlh1 and 2
Lhx8

A

only see primordial follicles

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19
Q

Primordial to primary follicle genes

A

Fox12
Nobox
Sohlh 1 and 2
Lhx8

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20
Q

Primary to secondary follicle genes

A

Growth differentiation factor 9
Kitl
Kit

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21
Q

Growth differentiation factor 9
GDF 9

A

oocyte specific
derived by Sohlh1 and 2 and Nobox
required for primary to secondary follicle transition

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22
Q

Kitl

A

kit ligand
controls oocyte growth, oocyte survival, theca cell differentiation, and protects preantral follicles from apoptosis

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23
Q

Kit

A

cKit
Kit ligand receptor

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24
Q

What type of follicles would you see with a deleted Gdf9 gene

A

only up to primary follicles

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25
Secondary to antral follicle genes
Fsh+Fshr Inha Igf1 Cend2 Foxo1/3 Smad3 Taf4b
26
Fsh+Fshr
FSH and FSH receptor at/ after the primary follicle stage endocrine regulators
27
Inha
Inhibin a inhibits FSH secretion
28
Igf1
insulin like growth factor 1 increases responsiveness of follicular cells to gonadotropin
29
Cend2
Regulated by FSH and is required for granulosa cells proliferation
30
Foxo1/3
forkhead box o transcription factor- highly expressed in granulosa cells and can regulate follicle growth or death
31
Smad 3
mediator of transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway and required for follicular growth
32
Taf4b
transcription factor that has a role in meiotic gene expression
33
What type of follicle is seen with a deleted FSH gene
lack antral follicles
34
Antral to preovulatory follicle transition genes
Esr1 and 2 Aevr2a Gja4 Connexins
35
Esr1 and 2
estradiol receptor
36
Aevr2a
activin receptor type 2a activin can stimulate granulosa cell proliferation and increase estradiol receptors
37
Gja4
gap junction protein
38
Connexins
blocks development after antral or primary stage depending on number
39
What forms the gap junctions for communication between oocytes and granulosa
projections
40
Zona pellucida
the extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the egg cell
41
what type of junction is between follicles and oocytes
gap junctions
42
gap junctions are made of
proteins called connexons composed of six subunits
43
Follicles and oocytes use what types of communication
gap junctions paracrine communication
44
What does the oocyte secrete
GDF-9 required for follicular development past primary stage
45
What is the role of the oocyte in follicle growth
secretes GDF-9 affects granulosa cell differentiation affects energy and metabolic function of granulosa cells increase follicle cell growth and division produces proteins for formation of zona pellicuda
46
Dogma of follicle development
at birth, or soon after the female is equipped with the number of germ cell for the rest of her life
47
Atresia
programmed cell death
48
what amount of follicles are destined for astresia
99%
49
stages of gonadotropin dependence
Gonadotropin independent Gonadotropin responsive gonadotropin dependent
50
Gonadotropin independent
initial development occurs independent of gonadotropins
51
Gonadotropin responsive
follicles can respond to gonadotropins but it is not required for follicle growth
52
Gonadotropin dependent
follicles have been stimulated to grow towards ovulation removal of gonadotropins results inatresia
53
Stages of follicular recruitment
initial recruitment cyclic recruitment
54
Initial recruitment
primordial follicular pool recruited into the pool of growing follicles in a continuous manner
55
cyclic recruitment
cohort of antral follicles are recruited to grow towards ovulation during a specific estrous cycle
56
Stages of the follicular waves
Recruitment Selection dominance
57
At day 0 what occurs in the follicular wave
structure- mature graafian follicle from previous cycle ovulation occurs hormone- estrogen is high which inhibits FSH
58
At ovulation what happens to the hormones
Estrogen decreases FSH increases stimulates follicles
59
Recruitment
cohort of small antral follicles initiate growth following release from the inhibition of the previously dominant follicle and an increase in circulating concentrations of FSH
60
Selection
typically one follicle selected for continued growth FSH decreased in response to negative feedback of estradiol and inhibin from the growing cohort of recruited follicles dominant follicle becomes dependent on LH
61
Dominance
selected follicle becomes dominant secretes estradiol and inhibin which keeps circulating concentrations of FSH low prevents recruitment of the next wave
62
purpose of miotic arrest
prevents using up all the oocytes too early
63

Repro Phys (16 decks)

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