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Repro Phys > Quiz 4 Lecture Material > Flashcards

Quiz 4 Lecture Material Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the follicle

A

oocyte in the middle
cumulus granulosa
antrum
mural granulosa
basement membrane
theca internal
theca external

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2
Q

Primordial follicle characteristics

A

only one layer of flat granulosa cells

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3
Q

primary follicle characteristics

A

one layer of cubodial granulosa cells

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4
Q

Secondary follicle characteristics

A

two or more layers of cubodial granulosa
one theca layer is seen

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5
Q

Tertiary follicle characteristics

A

fluid can be seen but does not surround the oocyte
Two theca layers are seen

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6
Q

Antral follicle characteristic

A

ready for ovulation
antrum surrounds the oocyte

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7
Q

Postnatal follicles are also known as

A

gonadotropin independent
Do not require LH and FSH

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8
Q

Gonadotropin-dependent follicles need what to grow

A

FSH to go from secondary to tertiary
LH to go from tertiary to Graafian

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9
Q

Notch signaling gene

A

reduced germ nest breakdown and decreased the percentage of primordial follicles

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10
Q

NOBOX

A

reduced germ nest breakdown, decreasing the percentage of primordial follicle formation with high oocytes in nests and ultimately oocyte degenerate

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11
Q

Figla (factor in germline)

A

disruption of primordial follicle formation and subsequent loss of oocytes

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12
Q

A Nobox deleted mouse will have what type of follicles

A

Nest
degenerated follicles

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13
Q

Wildtype ovary will show what type of ovary

A

all follicle stages

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14
Q

Fox12 gene

A

Forkhead box L2
transcription factor required for granulosa cell differentiation

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15
Q

Nobox genes

A

oocyte specific homeobox gene

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16
Q

Sohlh1 and 2

A

oogenesis basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is essential for oogenesis

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17
Q

Lhx8

A

Lim homeobox gene
essential for mouse oocyte differentiation and survival

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18
Q

What happens if you limit
Fox12
Nobox
Sohlh1 and 2
Lhx8

A

only see primordial follicles

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19
Q

Primordial to primary follicle genes

A

Fox12
Nobox
Sohlh 1 and 2
Lhx8

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20
Q

Primary to secondary follicle genes

A

Growth differentiation factor 9
Kitl
Kit

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21
Q

Growth differentiation factor 9
GDF 9

A

oocyte specific
derived by Sohlh1 and 2 and Nobox
required for primary to secondary follicle transition

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22
Q

Kitl

A

kit ligand
controls oocyte growth, oocyte survival, theca cell differentiation, and protects preantral follicles from apoptosis

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23
Q

Kit

A

cKit
Kit ligand receptor

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24
Q

What type of follicles would you see with a deleted Gdf9 gene

A

only up to primary follicles

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25
Q

Secondary to antral follicle genes

A

Fsh+Fshr
Inha
Igf1
Cend2
Foxo1/3
Smad3
Taf4b

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26
Q

Fsh+Fshr

A

FSH and FSH receptor at/ after the primary follicle stage
endocrine regulators

27
Q

Inha

A

Inhibin a
inhibits FSH secretion

28
Q

Igf1

A

insulin like growth factor 1
increases responsiveness of follicular cells to gonadotropin

29
Q

Cend2

A

Regulated by FSH and is required for granulosa cells proliferation

30
Q

Foxo1/3

A

forkhead box o transcription factor-
highly expressed in granulosa cells and can regulate follicle growth or death

31
Q

Smad 3

A

mediator of transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway and required for follicular growth

32
Q

Taf4b

A

transcription factor that has a role in meiotic gene expression

33
Q

What type of follicle is seen with a deleted FSH gene

A

lack antral follicles

34
Q

Antral to preovulatory follicle transition genes

A

Esr1 and 2
Aevr2a
Gja4
Connexins

35
Q

Esr1 and 2

A

estradiol receptor

36
Q

Aevr2a

A

activin receptor type 2a
activin can stimulate granulosa cell proliferation and increase estradiol receptors

37
Q

Gja4

A

gap junction protein

38
Q

Connexins

A

blocks development after antral or primary stage depending on number

39
Q

What forms the gap junctions for communication between oocytes and granulosa

A

projections

40
Q

Zona pellucida

A

the extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of the egg cell

41
Q

what type of junction is between follicles and oocytes

A

gap junctions

42
Q

gap junctions are made of

A

proteins called connexons composed of six subunits

43
Q

Follicles and oocytes use what types of communication

A

gap junctions
paracrine communication

44
Q

What does the oocyte secrete

A

GDF-9 required for follicular development past primary stage

45
Q

What is the role of the oocyte in follicle growth

A

secretes GDF-9
affects granulosa cell differentiation
affects energy and metabolic function of granulosa cells
increase follicle cell growth and division
produces proteins for formation of zona pellicuda

46
Q

Dogma of follicle development

A

at birth, or soon after the female is equipped with the number of germ cell for the rest of her life

47
Q

Atresia

A

programmed cell death

48
Q

what amount of follicles are destined for astresia

A

99%

49
Q

stages of gonadotropin dependence

A

Gonadotropin independent
Gonadotropin responsive
gonadotropin dependent

50
Q

Gonadotropin independent

A

initial development occurs independent of gonadotropins

51
Q

Gonadotropin responsive

A

follicles can respond to gonadotropins but it is not required for follicle growth

52
Q

Gonadotropin dependent

A

follicles have been stimulated to grow towards ovulation
removal of gonadotropins results inatresia

53
Q

Stages of follicular recruitment

A

initial recruitment
cyclic recruitment

54
Q

Initial recruitment

A

primordial follicular pool recruited into the pool of growing follicles in a continuous manner

55
Q

cyclic recruitment

A

cohort of antral follicles are recruited to grow towards ovulation during a specific estrous cycle

56
Q

Stages of the follicular waves

A

Recruitment
Selection
dominance

57
Q

At day 0 what occurs in the follicular wave

A

structure- mature graafian follicle from previous cycle
ovulation occurs
hormone- estrogen is high which inhibits FSH

58
Q

At ovulation what happens to the hormones

A

Estrogen decreases
FSH increases
stimulates follicles

59
Q

Recruitment

A

cohort of small antral follicles initiate growth following release from the inhibition of the previously dominant follicle and an increase in circulating concentrations of FSH

60
Q

Selection

A

typically one follicle selected for continued growth
FSH decreased in response to negative feedback of estradiol and inhibin from the growing cohort of recruited follicles
dominant follicle becomes dependent on LH

61
Q

Dominance

A

selected follicle becomes dominant
secretes estradiol and inhibin which keeps circulating concentrations of FSH low
prevents recruitment of the next wave

62
Q

purpose of miotic arrest

A

prevents using up all the oocytes too early

63
Q
A

Repro Phys (16 decks)

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