quiz #5 - blood vessels Flashcards
what blood vessels carry blood away from the heart to other organs?
arteries
forms inner lining of a blood vessel and is in direct contact with blood in the lumen
tunica interna
which layer of the arterial wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?
tunica media
middle layer, muscular & CT
2 major trunks that leave the heart
- aorta: brachiocephalic, subclavian, common carotid
- pulmonary trunk: left & right, pulmonary arteries
a disease that affects the elasticity of artery walls
artherosclerosis
causes: high BP, hypertension
smallest muscle in the body that monitors blood flowing into the capillary bed like a valve
precapillary sphincter
what do capillaries lack so more blood flow and nutrients can be delivered to nearby tissues?
lack both tunica media & tunica externa
3 types of capillaries
continuous
fenestrated
sinosoids
a blockage in the proximal portion of the right subclavian artery will not only affect circulation to the right arm, but also to the…
right vertebral artery
in resting individuals, which vessels serve as a large blood reservoir from which blood can be quickly diverted to other vessels as needed?
veins and venules
in order to supply oxygenated blood to the liver tissue, which vessel must deliver blood to the organ?
Hepatic artery
if a patient is confined to bed and is unable to walk at all, which of the following will be seriously affected?
the circulation returning from the lower body
substances are exchanged into the capillary bed in 3 ways
- diffusion
- transcytosis
- bulk flow
what is the most important method of capillary exchange?
simple diffusion
the alternate route of blood flow to a body part is called…
anastomosis (collateral circulation)
branches of two or more arteries supplying the same region
the largest driving force for pulling fluid from the interstitial spaces back into the capillaries is…
blood colloid osmotic pressure
the pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called
filtration
what is the name for a dislodged clot that may occlude blood vessels?
embolism
the volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels per minute is called
cardiac output
what would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure?
increased arteriolar vasodilation
the cardiovascular center is located in…
the medulla oblongata
(regulate blood flow & BP into specific tissues)
which hormone would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
nutrients from digested food enter the liver via the…
hepatic portal circulation
abnormal conditions such as atherosclerosis and patent (open) ductus arteriosus cause a large increase in the
pulse pressure
