quiz #5 - blood Flashcards
what is NOT a major function of the blood?
production of oxygen
functions: transportation of heat, protection against infectious disease, transportation of nutrients
RBCs
transport O2 & CO2
contain iron ions (280 million hemoglobin)
no nucleus
live for 120 Days
components of the formed elements of blood
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets
what percentage of blood is blood plasma?
55%
formed elements: 45% (99% RBCs, other 1% WBCs & platelets)
methods of balancing pH in the blood
Buffers
Kidney Excretion
CO2 Exhalation
anemia vs. polycthemia
anemia: decreased RBCs
polycthemia: increased RBCs
inherited abnormal hemoglobin makes the cell shape change into a sickle cell, becomes dysfunctional, causes blockages & ruptures easily
sickle cell disease
the hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by…
RBCs
what percentage of blood plasma is water?
91.5%
(8.5% solutes)
production of new RBCs
erythropoiesis
granular vs. agranular leukocytes
granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
agranular: lymphocytes, monocytes
which plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?
Fibrinogen
a megakaryoblast will develop into…
a platelet
Progressive liver failure may lead to serious bleeding problems due to:
a) reduced production of thrombopoietin
b) a reduction in the production of platelets
c) a reduction in the cholesterol production
d) a reduction in the number of pluripotent stem cells
a, b
formation of blood cells in red bone marrow
hematopoiesis
which hormone is produced in the kidneys and stimulates proliferation of RBCs in red bone marrow?
Erythropoietin (EPO)
which hormone is produced in the liver and stimulates platelet precursor cells?
thrombopoietin
which hormone is produced by red bone marrow cells and stimulates WBC precursor cells?
cytokines
Ferritin is a protein used to…
store iron in the liver, muscle, & spleen
Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin, is a condition caused by the deposition of bilirubin in the skin. It may be associated with:
a) excessive breakdown of red blood cells
b) cancer of the bowel or pancreas
c) blockage of bile drainage by gallstones
d) increased atmospheric oxygen
a, b, c
towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, a cell loses its nucleus and becomes a(n)
reticulocyte
Erythropoiesis may be stimulated by:
a) pulmonary disease that decreases available oxygen
b) excessive bleeding
c) traveling to high altitudes
d) diving in deep water
all of the above
which blood cell is a phagocyte?
Neutrophil
which blood cells releases granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions?
Basophil
when they leave blood stream = mast cell
Which blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against parasitic worms?
Eosinophil
which blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system battles?
Lymphocyte
the process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called…
emigration
type of cancer where abnormal, dysfunctional WBCs multiply uncontrollably
Leukemia
which type of WBC becomes macrophages?
monocytes
which hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts?
Thrombopoietin
T/F - MHC proteins are not present on erythrocytes
TRUE
which correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel?
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting (coagulation)
hemostasis: stops bleeding
the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of…
prothrombinase
correctly order the steps of blood clotting/coagulation
formation of prothrombinase
conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
which substance is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils?
Heparin
which antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?
anti-A & anti-B
(NO antigens)
blood type A
antigen A, anti B antibodies
blood type B: antigen B, anti A antibodies
AB: antigen A & B, no anti A/B antibodies
what blood type is a person if their plasma contains ONLY anti-A agglutinin?
B
an individual with leukemia requires a bone marrow transplant. The donor may be a person who gives the recipient stem cells that are in the bone marrow from his or her _____ or the stem cells may come from a(n) _____
hip bone,
umbilical cord
a condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B12 or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called…
megaloblastic anemia
