quiz #5 - blood

Question 1

what is NOT a major function of the blood?

Answer 1

production of oxygen

functions: transportation of heat, protection against infectious disease, transportation of nutrients

Question 2

RBCs

Answer 2

transport O2 & CO2
contain iron ions (280 million hemoglobin)
no nucleus
live for 120 Days

Question 3

components of the formed elements of blood

Answer 3

Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Platelets

Question 4

what percentage of blood is blood plasma?

Answer 4

55%

formed elements: 45% (99% RBCs, other 1% WBCs & platelets)

Question 5

methods of balancing pH in the blood

Answer 5

Buffers
Kidney Excretion
CO2 Exhalation

Question 6

anemia vs. polycthemia

Answer 6

anemia: decreased RBCs

polycthemia: increased RBCs

Question 7

inherited abnormal hemoglobin makes the cell shape change into a sickle cell, becomes dysfunctional, causes blockages & ruptures easily

Answer 7

sickle cell disease

Question 8

the hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by…

Answer 8

RBCs

Question 9

what percentage of blood plasma is water?

Answer 9

91.5%

(8.5% solutes)

Question 10

production of new RBCs

Answer 10

erythropoiesis

Question 11

granular vs. agranular leukocytes

Answer 11

granular: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

agranular: lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 12

which plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting?

Answer 12

Fibrinogen

Question 13

a megakaryoblast will develop into…

Answer 13

a platelet

Question 14

Progressive liver failure may lead to serious bleeding problems due to:
a) reduced production of thrombopoietin
b) a reduction in the production of platelets
c) a reduction in the cholesterol production
d) a reduction in the number of pluripotent stem cells

Answer 14

a, b

Question 15

formation of blood cells in red bone marrow

Answer 15

hematopoiesis

Question 16

which hormone is produced in the kidneys and stimulates proliferation of RBCs in red bone marrow?

Answer 16

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 17

which hormone is produced in the liver and stimulates platelet precursor cells?

Answer 17

thrombopoietin

Question 18

which hormone is produced by red bone marrow cells and stimulates WBC precursor cells?

Answer 18

cytokines

Question 19

Ferritin is a protein used to…

Answer 19

store iron in the liver, muscle, & spleen

Question 20

Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin, is a condition caused by the deposition of bilirubin in the skin. It may be associated with:
a) excessive breakdown of red blood cells
b) cancer of the bowel or pancreas
c) blockage of bile drainage by gallstones
d) increased atmospheric oxygen

Answer 20

a, b, c

Question 21

towards the end of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, a cell loses its nucleus and becomes a(n)

Answer 21

reticulocyte

Question 22

Erythropoiesis may be stimulated by:

a) pulmonary disease that decreases available oxygen
b) excessive bleeding
c) traveling to high altitudes
d) diving in deep water

Answer 22

all of the above

Question 23

which blood cell is a phagocyte?

Answer 23

Neutrophil

Question 24

which blood cells releases granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions?

Answer 24

Basophil

when they leave blood stream = mast cell

Question 25

Which blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against parasitic worms?

Answer 25

Eosinophil

Question 26

which blood cells are the main soldiers in the immune system battles?

Answer 26

Lymphocyte

Question 27

the process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called...

Answer 27

emigration

Question 28

type of cancer where abnormal, dysfunctional WBCs multiply uncontrollably

Answer 28

Leukemia

Question 29

which type of WBC becomes macrophages?

Answer 29

monocytes

Question 30

which hormones stimulates the development of megakaryoblasts?

Answer 30

Thrombopoietin

Question 31

T/F - MHC proteins are not present on erythrocytes

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

which correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel?

Answer 32

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, blood clotting (coagulation) hemostasis: stops bleeding

Question 33

the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of blood clotting are identical after formation of...

Answer 33

prothrombinase

Question 34

correctly order the steps of blood clotting/coagulation

Answer 34

formation of prothrombinase conversion of prothrombin to thrombin conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 35

which substance is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils?

Answer 35

Heparin

Question 36

which antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood?

Answer 36

anti-A & anti-B (NO antigens)

Question 37

blood type A

Answer 37

antigen A, anti B antibodies blood type B: antigen B, anti A antibodies AB: antigen A & B, no anti A/B antibodies

Question 38

what blood type is a person if their plasma contains ONLY anti-A agglutinin?

Answer 38

B

Question 39

an individual with leukemia requires a bone marrow transplant. The donor may be a person who gives the recipient stem cells that are in the bone marrow from his or her _____ or the stem cells may come from a(n) _____

Answer 39

hip bone, umbilical cord

Question 40

a condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B12 or folic acid causes production of large abnormal red blood cells is called...

Answer 40

megaloblastic anemia