quiz #4 - nervous system

Question 1

main function of the nervous system

Answer 1

communication & control

Question 2

functional unit of the nervous system

Answer 2

neuron

Question 3

nerve vs tract

Answer 3

nerve: bundle of axons in PNS

tract: bundle of axons in CNS

Question 4

glial cell responsible for myelination in the CNS

Answer 4

oligodendrocytes

Question 5

primary function of schwann cells

Answer 5

myelination in the PNS

Question 6

term used for small gaps between schwann cells in myelinated axons

Answer 6

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 7

which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

Answer 7

dendrites

Question 8

which type of neuron carries information from the brain & spinal cord to muscles & glands?

Answer 8

motor neurons

Question 9

the RMP of a neuron is primarily maintained by…

Answer 9

ion channels

Question 10

which ion is most involved in generation of an action potential?

Answer 10

Na+

Question 11

during depolarization of a neuron, which ion moves into the cell?

Answer 11

Na+

Question 12

period during which a neuron cannot regenerate another action potential

Answer 12

refractory period

Question 13

action potentials are _____ events

Answer 13

all-or-nothing

Question 14

process of myelin sheaths speeding up the transmission of electrical signals along axons

Answer 14

saltatory conduction

Question 15

junction between two neurons or between a neuron & a target cell

Answer 15

synapse

Question 16

main neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 16

norepinephrine

Question 17

what type of neurotransmitter is seratonin?

Answer 17

biogenic amine

Question 18

what neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the CNS?

Answer 18

GABA, glycine

Question 19

which type of receptor is activated by Ach in the NMJ?

Answer 19

nicotine receptors

Question 20

which ion plays a critical role in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?

Answer 20

Ca2+

Question 21

function of astrocytes

Answer 21

formation of BBB, regulation of neurotransmitter levels, support & nourishment of neurons

Question 22

part of neuron that conducts impulses away from cell body

Answer 22

axon

Question 23

where are spinal & cranial nerves found?

Answer 23

PNS

Question 24

type of neuron that carries impulses toward the CNS

Answer 24

sensory neurons

Question 25

glial cell responsible for phagocytosis in the CNS

Answer 25

microglia

Question 26

gray matter of the brain is composed of...

Answer 26

cell bodies of neurons

Question 27

part of neuron responsible for synthesizing proteins needed for neurotransmitter production

Answer 27

soma (cell body)

Question 28

in a myelinated axon, the action potential is propagated in a _____ manner, jumping between Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 28

saltatory

Question 29

function of the sodium-potassium pump

Answer 29

helps maintain RMP by pumping sodium out & potassium in

Question 30

the all-or-nothing principle means that...

Answer 30

a threshold must be reached for an action potential to occur

Question 31

primary function of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 31

regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate & digestion

Question 32

characteristics of an EPSP

Answer 32

depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane

Question 33

what occurs first in the process of neurotransmission?

Answer 33

action potential reaches axon terminal

Question 34

function of the BBB

Answer 34

protects brain from bacterial infections

Question 35

role of neurotransmitters

Answer 35

transmit signals between neurons at synapses

Question 36

what type of neurons are in the PNS?

Answer 36

sensory & motor

Question 37

what makes the postsynaptic membrane more negative?

Answer 37

IPSPs (hyperpolarizing) EPSP (depolarizing)

Question 38

graded potentials _____ in magnitude with distance from the site of origin

Answer 38

decrease

Question 39

which ion is responsible for depolarization of the neuron during an action potential?

Answer 39

Na+

Question 40

what is responsible for reabsorbing neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?

Answer 40

presynaptic neuron?

Question 41

main function of the CNS

Answer 41

integration & processing of sensory input

Question 42

function of the Node of Ranvier

Answer 42

speed up conduction of electrical impulses via saltatory conduction

Question 43

which neurotransmitter is associated with the PNS?

Answer 43

acetycholine

Question 44

glial cells involved in the formation of CSF

Answer 44

ependymal cells

Question 45

main function of the axon terminal

Answer 45

receive signals from other neurons? release neurotransmitters in the synapse?*

Question 46

structure of the neuron responsible for maintaining its metabolic functions

Answer 46

soma (cell body)

Question 47

ion involved in the repolarization phase of an action potential

Answer 47

K+

Question 48

what are the components of the trigger zone?

Answer 48

axon Hillock, initial segment

Question 49

which type of axonal transport is unidirectional?

Answer 49

slow axonal transport fast = both directions

Question 50

which type of ion channel responds to action and graded potentials?

Answer 50

voltage gated

Question 51

what contributes to the resting membrane potential (-70mV)

Answer 51

unequal ion distribution sodium-potassium pump anions being stuck in the cell (inability of ions to leave cell)

Question 52

factors that effect the speed of an action potential

Answer 52

1. amount of myelination 2. axon diameter 3. temperature

Question 53

continuous conduction takes place along _____ axons

Answer 53

unmyelinated

Question 54

which type of nerve fibre is the slowest?

Answer 54

C fibers, unmyelinated A: fastest, myelinated B: medium, partly myelinated

Question 55

neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft

Answer 55

Diffusion Enzymatic Degradation Uptake by Cells

Question 56

which type of neurotransmitter receptor uses a separate protein (G protein) for receptor and effector?

Answer 56

metabotropic ionotropic: part of one protein molecule

Question 57

neuronal regeneration - 3 things in order to regenerate

Answer 57

1. must be in PNS 2. intact cell body 3. myelinated by functional schwann cell