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A&P REVIEW > quiz #4 - nervous system > Flashcards

quiz #4 - nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

main function of the nervous system

A

communication & control

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2
Q

functional unit of the nervous system

A

neuron

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3
Q

nerve vs tract

A

nerve: bundle of axons in PNS

tract: bundle of axons in CNS

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4
Q

glial cell responsible for myelination in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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5
Q

primary function of schwann cells

A

myelination in the PNS

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6
Q

term used for small gaps between schwann cells in myelinated axons

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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7
Q

which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

A

dendrites

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8
Q

which type of neuron carries information from the brain & spinal cord to muscles & glands?

A

motor neurons

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9
Q

the RMP of a neuron is primarily maintained by…

A

ion channels

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10
Q

which ion is most involved in generation of an action potential?

A

Na+

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11
Q

during depolarization of a neuron, which ion moves into the cell?

A

Na+

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12
Q

period during which a neuron cannot regenerate another action potential

A

refractory period

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13
Q

action potentials are _____ events

A

all-or-nothing

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14
Q

process of myelin sheaths speeding up the transmission of electrical signals along axons

A

saltatory conduction

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15
Q

junction between two neurons or between a neuron & a target cell

A

synapse

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16
Q

main neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic nervous system

A

norepinephrine

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17
Q

what type of neurotransmitter is seratonin?

A

biogenic amine

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18
Q

what neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the CNS?

A

GABA, glycine

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19
Q

which type of receptor is activated by Ach in the NMJ?

A

nicotine receptors

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20
Q

which ion plays a critical role in the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles?

A

Ca2+

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21
Q

function of astrocytes

A

formation of BBB, regulation of neurotransmitter levels, support & nourishment of neurons

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22
Q

part of neuron that conducts impulses away from cell body

A

axon

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23
Q

where are spinal & cranial nerves found?

A

PNS

24
Q

type of neuron that carries impulses toward the CNS

A

sensory neurons

25
Q

glial cell responsible for phagocytosis in the CNS

A

microglia

26
Q

gray matter of the brain is composed of…

A

cell bodies of neurons

27
Q

part of neuron responsible for synthesizing proteins needed for neurotransmitter production

A

soma (cell body)

28
Q

in a myelinated axon, the action potential is propagated in a _____ manner, jumping between Nodes of Ranvier

A

saltatory

29
Q

function of the sodium-potassium pump

A

helps maintain RMP by pumping sodium out & potassium in

30
Q

the all-or-nothing principle means that…

A

a threshold must be reached for an action potential to occur

31
Q

primary function of the autonomic nervous system

A

regulate involuntary functions such as heart rate & digestion

32
Q

characteristics of an EPSP

A

depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane

33
Q

what occurs first in the process of neurotransmission?

A

action potential reaches axon terminal

34
Q

function of the BBB

A

protects brain from bacterial infections

35
Q

role of neurotransmitters

A

transmit signals between neurons at synapses

36
Q

what type of neurons are in the PNS?

A

sensory & motor

37
Q

what makes the postsynaptic membrane more negative?

A

IPSPs (hyperpolarizing)

EPSP (depolarizing)

38
Q

graded potentials _____ in magnitude with distance from the site of origin

A

decrease

39
Q

which ion is responsible for depolarization of the neuron during an action potential?

A

Na+

40
Q

what is responsible for reabsorbing neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?

A

presynaptic neuron?

41
Q

main function of the CNS

A

integration & processing of sensory input

42
Q

function of the Node of Ranvier

A

speed up conduction of electrical impulses via saltatory conduction

43
Q

which neurotransmitter is associated with the PNS?

A

acetycholine

44
Q

glial cells involved in the formation of CSF

A

ependymal cells

45
Q

main function of the axon terminal

A

receive signals from other neurons?

release neurotransmitters in the synapse?*

46
Q

structure of the neuron responsible for maintaining its metabolic functions

A

soma (cell body)

47
Q

ion involved in the repolarization phase of an action potential

A

K+

48
Q

what are the components of the trigger zone?

A

axon Hillock, initial segment

49
Q

which type of axonal transport is unidirectional?

A

slow axonal transport

fast = both directions

50
Q

which type of ion channel responds to action and graded potentials?

A

voltage gated

51
Q

what contributes to the resting membrane potential (-70mV)

A

unequal ion distribution
sodium-potassium pump
anions being stuck in the cell (inability of ions to leave cell)

52
Q

factors that effect the speed of an action potential

A
  1. amount of myelination
  2. axon diameter
  3. temperature
53
Q

continuous conduction takes place along _____ axons

A

unmyelinated

54
Q

which type of nerve fibre is the slowest?

A

C fibers, unmyelinated

A: fastest, myelinated
B: medium, partly myelinated

55
Q

neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft

A

Diffusion
Enzymatic Degradation
Uptake by Cells

56
Q

which type of neurotransmitter receptor uses a separate protein (G protein) for receptor and effector?

A

metabotropic

ionotropic: part of one protein molecule

57
Q

neuronal regeneration - 3 things in order to regenerate

A
  1. must be in PNS
  2. intact cell body
  3. myelinated by functional schwann cell

A&P REVIEW (10 decks)

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