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A&P REVIEW > quiz #1 - chemical level > Flashcards

quiz #1 - chemical level Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?

A

Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon

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2
Q

The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are…

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons

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3
Q

Which subatomic particles has a neutral charge?

A

neutron

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4
Q

The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s…

A

atomic number

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5
Q

Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds?
1. Neutron
2. Electron
3. Proton

A

2 only

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6
Q

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electron pairs between two atoms?

A

covalent

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7
Q

The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms making up a water molecule are called…

A

polar covalent bonds

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8
Q

Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases?

A

endergonic

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9
Q

An enzyme acts to…

A

lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction

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10
Q

What is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body?

A

water

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11
Q

A solute that readily dissolves in water is…

A

hydrophilic

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12
Q

A solution with a pH value less than 7 is…

A

acidic

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13
Q

A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)…

A

buffer

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14
Q

Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?

A

Glucose

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15
Q

Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells?

A

Glycogen

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16
Q

This type of lipid is the body’s primary long-term energy storage molecule…

A

Triglyceride

17
Q

This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones…

A

Cholesterol

18
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?

A

They are a major form of energy storage

(The molecule is an important part of cell membranes, The tail groups are nonpolar, They contain a glycerol backbone)

19
Q

The primary structure of a protein consists of…

A

a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?

A

Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze

21
Q

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the human body?

A

Forms backbone of all organic molecules

22
Q

Which of the following describes the major significance of the element nitrogen in the human body?

A

It is a component of all proteins and nucleic acids

23
Q

Which of the following can lower the amount of free radicals in the body?

A

Antioxidants

24
Q

This type of protein is involved with shortening of muscle cells to produce movement…

A

Contractile

25
Q

Surface tension of an aqueous solution is generated by the presence of ____ between water molecules

A

hydrogen bonds

26
Q

A molecule with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell is called a(n)…

A

free radical

27
Q

Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body?

A

Metabolism

28
Q

All of the following are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT…

A

it releases large amounts of energy

29
Q

Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol. What is true about Vitamin D?

A

Vitamin D is fat soluble

30
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis?

A

Hydrolysis involves the addition of a water molecule to break bonds, while dehydration synthesis involves removing a water molecule to form a new bond

A&P REVIEW (8 decks)

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