quiz #1 - chemical level Flashcards
What are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body?
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Carbon
The three types of subatomic particles that are important for understanding chemical reactions in the human body are…
protons, neutrons, and electrons
Which subatomic particles has a neutral charge?
neutron
The number of protons in an atom is represented by an element’s…
atomic number
Which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds?
1. Neutron
2. Electron
3. Proton
2 only
Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of valence electron pairs between two atoms?
covalent
The chemical bonds formed between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms making up a water molecule are called…
polar covalent bonds
Which type of chemical reaction will absorb more energy than it releases?
endergonic
An enzyme acts to…
lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction
What is the most abundant and most important inorganic compound in the body?
water
A solute that readily dissolves in water is…
hydrophilic
A solution with a pH value less than 7 is…
acidic
A chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)…
buffer
Which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy?
Glucose
Which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells?
Glycogen
This type of lipid is the body’s primary long-term energy storage molecule…
Triglyceride
This lipid is used by the body as a precursor for the production of steroid hormones…
Cholesterol
Which of the following is NOT true about phospholipids?
They are a major form of energy storage
(The molecule is an important part of cell membranes, The tail groups are nonpolar, They contain a glycerol backbone)
The primary structure of a protein consists of…
a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
Which of the following is NOT a property of enzymes?
Enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze
Which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the human body?
Forms backbone of all organic molecules
Which of the following describes the major significance of the element nitrogen in the human body?
It is a component of all proteins and nucleic acids
Which of the following can lower the amount of free radicals in the body?
Antioxidants
This type of protein is involved with shortening of muscle cells to produce movement…
Contractile
Surface tension of an aqueous solution is generated by the presence of ____ between water molecules
hydrogen bonds
A molecule with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell is called a(n)…
free radical
Which of the following is a general term used to refer to the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in the body?
Metabolism
All of the following are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT…
it releases large amounts of energy
Vitamin D is synthesized from cholesterol. What is true about Vitamin D?
Vitamin D is fat soluble
Which of the following statements best describes the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis?
Hydrolysis involves the addition of a water molecule to break bonds, while dehydration synthesis involves removing a water molecule to form a new bond
