quiz #1 - cellular level Flashcards
What are the three main parts of a human body cell?
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
The three main components of the lipid bilayer portion of a plasma membrane are…
phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids.
Which type of membrane protein extends across the entire lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane touching both intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid?
Transmembrane protein
Plasma membranes are ___, which means that some chemicals move easily through plasma membrane while other chemicals do not.
selectively permeable
Which of the following is a measure of a solution’s ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content?
tonicity
In this type of transport process, a solute (e.g. glucose) binds to a specific carrier protein on one side of the membrane. This binding induces a conformational change in the carrier protein that results in the solute moving down its concentration gradient to the other side the membrane.
facilitated diffusion
If the solute concentration is greater inside of the cell than outside the cell, water will move by osmosis…
into the cell
Which of the following tranport processes uses vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane to secrete materials into the extracellular fluid?
exocytosis
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cytosol?
also known as extracellular fluid
A sperm cell is the only type of human cell that contains a _____ which is a whip-like structure that helps propel the sperm towards an oocyte
flagellum
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles is the site of synthesis of membrane proteins and secretory proteins?
rough ER
Which of the following membrane-enclosed organelles contains several oxidases that are involved in oxidation of fatty acids and amino acids during normal metabolism and in detoxification of chemicals like alcohol in the liver?
Peroxisomes
The major function of mitochondria is to…
generate ATP
During this phase of cell division, organelles duplicate & centrosome replication begins
Interphase
During this phase of cell division, the centromeres split leading to separation and subsequent migration of the two members of a chromatid pair to opposite poles of the cells. The cleavage furrow also begins to develop during this phase.
Anaphase
Most intravenous solutions are ____ with respect to blood cells
isotonic
Which of the following transport processes moves substances through cells using endocytosis on one side of a cell & exocytosis on the opposite side of the cell
Transcytosis
Which organelle is responsible for synthesis of steroids, phospholipids and functions as a reservoir for Ca2+ in muscle cells?
smooth ER
A cell lacking ribosomes would be unable to make what organic compound?
Proteins
The difference in concentration of a specific chemical, like Na+, on the inside and outside of a plasma membrane is referred to as…
concentration gradient
An orderly, genetically programmed cell death is referred to as ____ while disorganized pathological cell death is referred to as ____
apoptosis; necrosis
What is a key difference between meiosis and mitosis in terms of genetic outcomes?
Meiosis results in the production of gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, while mitosis results in identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
This is characterized as the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
cancer
Which of the following is mismatched?
Cytosol - contains a single molecule of DNA
Steepness of the concentration gradient, increase in temperature, and surface area of the membrane:
Can all influence the rate of diffusion
