quiz #4 - fluids Flashcards
How much of the total volume of body fluid is intracellular fluid?
2/3
80% of the extracellular fluid is…
interstitial fluid
Which of the following occurs when water loss is greater than water gain?
Dehydration
The response of the body to decreasing blood pressure will NOT include which of the following?
Dehydration
Which of the following is the main factor that determines water loss?
Urination
Which of the following is used to promote Na+ reabsorption by the kidneys?
Aldosterone
Natriuresis
none of the above?
= loss of sodium in urine
A decline in angiotensin II levels does NOT result in…
increased calcium reabsorption
The major hormone that regulates water loss is…
ADH
Water intoxication results from…
dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids
In extracellular fluid the most abundant cation is…
Na+
In extracellular fluid the most abundant anion is…
Cl-
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin are…
the main regulators of calcium in the blood
Buffer systems, exhaling carbon dioxide, and excretion by the kidneys, are all…
ways of controlling H+ levels in the body
Inadequate exhalation of carbon dioxide can cause…
blood pH to drop
Which of the following is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Vomiting
What part of the brain contains the thirst center?
Hypothalamus
Which of the following is a common cause of respiratory acidosis?
Hypoventilation due to emphysema
An individual consumes a large amount of highly salted foods over the course of a day. What might be the result of this?
Hypertension
examples of extracellular fluid
Lymph
Blood Plasma
Interstitial
Aqueous Humour
CSF
what is considered severe dehydration?
10-15% of body mass
mild = less than 2%
moderate = 5-10%
methods of water and solute regulation in the body
Aldosterone
Antidiuretic Hormone
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
T/F - in a hypotonic solution, the cell will shrivel
FALSE
hypo = cell swells
hyper = cell shrinks
which electrolytes are mostly found outside the cell?
Na+, Cl-
methods of balancing pH in the blood
Buffers
Kidney Excretion
CO2 Exhalation
what is the pH of blood?
7.35-7.45
acids & bases
based on H+ or OH- ions present
0 = acidic
7 = neutral
14 = basic
main type of buffer system in the body
carbonic acid-bicarbonate
(also protein & phosphate buffer system)
