Quiz 5 Flashcards
Syntax
rules of language that govern how words are organized into sentences
importance of syntax
allows children to communicate about events in their environment-many more possibilities
synatx is remarkable because
it seems to take place almost unnoticed with no explicit instruction. focus on the what and how
Early comprehension of syntax
diaries, act out directions, picture choices, preferential looking paradigm
Syntactic development: Competence
a theory of linguistic knowledge and grammar, of what an idealized mature speaker-hearer of a language could say and understand
syntactic dev: performace
a theory of linguistic behavior, of what real speakers-hearers do say and how utterances of others are understood
Segmentation
Intonation and pauses help the young child to parse or separate word, phrase, or sentence boundaries. – usually phonological cues.
Occurs across a variety of languages.
Bootstrapping
Operations where one uses existing knowledge or information to develop more powerful routines which are then, themselves, used in a similar fashion so the system lifts itself by its own bootstraps
Description of Stage 1 (MLU: 2.0)
CREATIVE: Generate novel and fairly simple sentences-rather than imitative sentences
SIMPLE: Primarily consists of content nouns and verbs
Stage 1 open vs closed
1) open class words/content words-Primarily consist of content nouns, verbs, and adjectives
2) Closed class words/function words –prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. usually start seeing around Stage IV – V (35-48 months)
Telegraphic Speech
Omission of closed-class words makes them resemble a telegram.
Semantic Relations
Children throughout the world talk about objects, people, and actions.
Children do not combine their words randomly but use consistent word order to denote the relations.
This ability to combine words syntactically is one of the accomplishments of normally developing children in the 18-36 month age range. dog doggie bed bed
Two word utterances:
Objects: name them, where they are, what theyre like, who owns them, whos doing them
Grammar of Language
By learning rules on how to connect words it is possible to create an infinite number of sentences, all of which are meaningful to a person who knows syntax
Rules look at: a) way words are constructed 2) way the endings of words are changed according to context (inflection) 3) the classification of words into parts of speech (nouns, verbs, pronouns, etc.)4) the way parts of speech are connected together.
Deep Structure
underlying relationship between the subject and object in the sentence. More of the meaning of the sentence.
