Quiz 2

Question 1

Intentional Communication: Andrew Locke stated a list of two types, what were they?

Answer 1

Active and Passive

Question 2

Passive behaviors:

Answer 2

1) prefer moms voice to strangers
2) discriminate speech sounds of other languages
3) preference for face like stimuli compared to no fat elike stuff
4) intermodal or intercessory perception (Integration of info from 2 or more different senses)

Question 3

Active behaviors

Answer 3

1) Social referencing( using someone as emotional guide in affecting ones own behavior)
2)imitation(infants imitate early on!)
3)Memory-example they knew to kick to get ht Emobile to move, 2 mo remembered relationship over 3 days and 3 most remembered a week, context has to be as same original learning
4) social smiling and gazing-being turn taking skills
social smiling-one person looks and smiles, gaze coupling two people look and smile

Question 4

3 difficulties of active comm have to be faced:

Answer 4

1) at least 2 partners have to be involved in the process
2) early human infant communication
3) subjectivity and intersubjectivity

Question 5

Characteristics of intentional communication:

Answer 5

a: EYE CONTACT
b: GESTURES
c: VOCALIZATIONS
d: PAUSES FOR RESPONSE
e: PERSISTENCE

Question 6

When are the first signs of intentional communication seen?

Answer 6

There is no distinct boundary between behavior with and without communicative intent. There is no exact age when one would categorize an infant as intentionally communcative its a gradual process

Question 7

Forms and functions of early communicative behavior

Answer 7

Imperatives and declaratives

Question 8

Protowords

Answer 8

vocalizations used by children shortly before they begin learning real words, unique to child, consistent situations, family adapts (bibbin)

Question 9

At what age do infants start becoming intensely interested in people?

Answer 9

approx 3 mo

Question 10

Name two communicative functions

Answer 10

imperative declarative

Question 11

5 characteristics of intention communication

Answer 11

eye contact, consistent vocalizations, persistence, consistent gestures, pauses

Question 12

note:

Answer 12

infants will not learn to speak without social interaction

Question 13

What caregivers do:

Answer 13

1) how they talk (INFANT DIRECTED SPEECH)
2) provide turn taking opportunities
3) behave inlays that may be supportive of infants attempts to communicate

Question 14

What’s different about infant directed speech?

Answer 14

Pitch
Intonation
Rate
Length of utterance
facial expressions
vocabulary
use of questions
infant behavior

Question 15

infants with depressed moms

Answer 15

less reaction, generally not as happy

Question 16

Create situations:

Answer 16

adult responsively is important for emergent of early communication

Question 17

What benefit would the utterance of creating situations provide:

Answer 17

get Childs attention
asks question
names the object
repeats
gives feedback

Question 18

Emergence of object reference

Answer 18

begins: 6 mo age caregivers start interacting with their infants by encouraging their interest on objects

Question 19

Joint Attention (creating situations 2)

Answer 19

child and caregiver focus on the same thing

Question 20

3) communicative style

Answer 20

verbally sensitive style: use continent comments, follow on the Childs interest, bases next statement on what child is focusing on
Verbally intrusive style: constantly redirecting the Childs attention

Question 21

Adults probably use baby-talk characteristics to prelinguistic infants because

Answer 21

The infant pays more attention to the adult when the adult uses baby-talk

Question 22

Early turn-taking episodes between adults and infants are characterized by which of the following?

Answer 22

The parent interpreting their child’s vocalizations
The parent does most of the “turn taking”
Infant vocalizations promote continued interaction

Question 23

Pointing can be considered

Answer 23

A symbolic communicative gesture

Question 24

A sequence of sounds (used by a child) that has a relatively consistent meaning but is not necessarily based on any adult word is a (n)

Answer 24

Protoword

Question 25

When a mother and child are at the zoo and the mother points to the lion and says “Look, a lion” to her 10-month old, she is

Answer 25

Attempting to establishing joint attention

Question 26

DeCasper and Fifer’s findings that newborn’s discriminate their mother’s voice compared to another woman’s voice is significant because

Answer 26

It demonstrates infants’ readiness for communication

Question 27

Studies of newborn infants have shown that

Answer 27

Newborns prefer to hear the language they heard in utero

Question 28

During the first year of life, the infant

Answer 28

Makes sounds that reflect the sound patterns of the language he or she hears

Question 29

Studies have shown that young children learn vocabulary more quickly if

Answer 29

Their caregiver has a verbally sensitive style

Question 30

Child directed speech or “motherese” is important for early communicative exchanges because?

Answer 30

It helps to maintain the social interaction