Quiz 3

Question 1

Phonology

Answer 1

Study of the sound system of language; the sounds the language uses, and the rules for their combination

Question 2

IPA

Answer 2

International Phonetic Alphabet

Question 3

Classifying consonants: Placement: Lips (bilabial)

Answer 3

If both of the lips are used to articulate a sound, then it is said to be a bilabial sound. Examples of bilabial sounds include: /p/,/b/, /w/, and /m/.

Question 4

Classifying consonants: Placement: Labiodental

Answer 4

Teeth and lower lip come into contact. This place of articulation for the /f/ and/v/.

Question 5

Classifying consonants: Placement: Teeth (Dental) (inter-dental or lingual dental)

Answer 5

The ‘th’ sounds of English are formed by forcing air through the teeth. The tongue tip and rims are articulating with the upper teeth.

Question 6

Classifying consonants: Placement: Alveolar ridge (Alveolar)

Answer 6

An alveolar sound is when the tongue tip, or blade, touches the bony prominence behind the top teeth. The following sounds are alveolar:/t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/l/,/n

Question 7

Classifying consonants: Placement: Hard palate (Palatal)

Answer 7

This is the hard bit of the arched bony structure that forms the roof of the mouth. The /j / sound in yes is the clearest example of a palatal sound. – back of tongue rises upward. Others include: “sh”, “ch”, “j”, and /r/.

Question 8

Classifying consonants: Placement: Soft palate (Velar)

Answer 8

The soft palate is in the back of the mouth. It is where the roof of the mouth gives way to the soft area behind it. They include the /k/ in cat, the /g/ in girl and the /ng/ in hang.

Question 9

Classifying consonants: Placement: Throat (Glottal)

Answer 9

Glottal sounds are those sounds that are made in the larynx through the closure or narrowing of the glottis. /h / as in Helen is an example of a glottal sound. It is also used in whispering

Question 10

Classifying consonants: Manner: Stop

Answer 10

build up and sudden release of air P B T D K G

Question 11

Classifying consonants: Manner: Fricative

Answer 11

gradual release of air flow S F TH Z SH H V

Question 12

Classifying consonants: Manner: Affricate

Answer 12

stop + fricative - ch or j

Question 13

Classifying consonants: Manner: Nasals (Hypo and hyper)

Answer 13

sound exits through the nose- where typically exists through the mouth

Question 14

Consonant clusters

Answer 14

2-3 consonants together (a cluster or group of consonants) is st in the word stop

Question 15

digraphs

Answer 15

a combination of two letters resulting in one sound

Question 16

vowels

Answer 16

1) vocal tract relatively unobstructed
2) first sounds experimented with
3) ALWAYS voiced
4) most difficult to differentiate

Question 17

age by which 90% of kids use this speech sound accurately:

H,W,M,N,P,B

Answer 17

3-4 yrs

Question 18

age by which 90% of kids use this speech sound accurately:

K,G,D,F,Y,T

Answer 18

4-5 yrs

Question 19

age by which 90% of kids use this speech sound accurately:

“ing”, v, produce initial cluster sounds

Answer 19

6 yrs

Question 20

age by which 90% of kids use this speech sound accurately:

r,l,z,s,ch,sh,j

Answer 20

7-8 yrs

Question 21

age by which 90% of kids use this speech sound accurately: voiced th and voiceless th

Answer 21

8-8.5 yrs

Question 22

Phonotactic Constraints

Answer 22

restrictions on what is permissible sound sequences in a language

Question 23

What phontactic constraints help us with?

Answer 23

• where the syllable boundary occurs

- defining non words: accidental gaps (/stremp/) and illegal syllables (/renp/)

Question 24

Stages of Pre Linguistic period: Stage 1

Answer 24

(birth-2 months) Reflexive vocalizations-why

Question 25

Stages of Pre Linguistic period: Stage 2

Answer 25

(2-4 mos) cooing and laughing

Question 26

Stages of Pre Linguistic period: Stage 3

Answer 26

(4-6 mos) vocal play-infants who are deaf

Question 27

Stages of Pre Linguistic period: Stage 4

Answer 27

(6 mos +) canonical babbling 2 types

Question 28

Stages of Pre Linguistic period: Stage 5

Answer 28

(10 mos +)- jargon

Question 29

Behaviorist view of phonological development

Answer 29

blank slate- through external reinforcement/praise-children come to produce correct sounds. most frequently heard sounds will be those produced first

Question 30

linguist view of phonological development

Answer 30

all there at the start- chronological order of production that is not altered. earliest productions will be of those sounds that are the most common across different

Question 31

Cognitive approach to the acquisition to phonology

Answer 31

regression:

progressive phonological idioms

Question 32

cognitive view

Answer 32

somewhere in between, child is seen as active problem solver-both external and internal forms of reinforcement. self organizing- goals to learn various phonological rules
looks at more than the acquisition of phonemes
looks at the rules children use for combing sounds
takes into account the irregularity children show in learning to produce sounds/words

Question 33

developmental patterns of incorrect production

Answer 33

• final consonant deletion(should be gone by 3)
• cluster reduction (should be gone by age 5)
• assimilation (buddy to hubby-should be gone by age 3)
• syllable reduction (banana to nana)
• by age 3 should be 80% understood by someone not their parent and by age 4-5 should be 100 % should be understood