quiz 11 Flashcards
changes as aging-semantics
primary complaint of elders is confrontation naming-(“what is the name of this?” theyre put on the spot passive naming (given choices or point to object, they do just fine-theres no change with the passive) circumlocution(circular) talking around the word, might have word finding difficulty “You know that thing that you use to cook…” new intonation and new words being stigmatized
lang development-comprehension
Comprehension
1) Performance tends to decrease – WHY?
2) Idea that older adults tend to do more face/lip reading than younger adults and perform more semantic guessing -compared to younger adults is false.
3) Both younger and older adults rely on the context – in signal detection types of tasks.
Similarities between Dementia and Aphasia
Both Demonstrate:
1) Perseveration-stuck on a particular topic
2) Naming Problems
3) Fluency
4) Jargon
5) Circumlocution
6) Empty Discourse
7) Semantic Paraphasias(you handed me a fork oh I mean spoon)
difference of dementia (v aphasia)
orientation: ongoing difficulty
memory: would forget a wedding
onset: gradual
what is affected: diffuse damage(spread out)
difference of aphasia (v dementia)
orientation: orientation problems will stabilize
memory: would only forget someone at the wedding
onset:immediate unless a brain tumor
what is affected: specific area of damage
Discourse changes
tangential stories-false
shorter sentences and less complex grammar
Makes more errors in morphological markers, past tense, subject-verb.
changes in speech
voice quality:
- weakening of muscles and nerve tissues resulting in vocal fold bowing
- vocal fold tissue can thin (hoarse & breathy)
- change in hormone levels
matched guise model
recording of two people speaking, english and frenhc, lsiteners were otld to lsiten to the speakers and were not told thta it was the same person, the people judged the people speaking english as more intelligent
second language acquisition3 keys
- Motivation
- Time
- Brain laterality
Cognitive factors affecting language
1) speed of processing
2) inhibition
3) working memory
this is why they use mnemonics and recall and practice sometimes
which hemisphere processes language in the brain?
majority of the left–brocas and wernickes
brain stuff
Aphasia
language disturbance from localized impairment of the language areas of the brain. most common form is a stroke, also arises form head trauma, Brain tumors, and infections
types of strokes
ischemic
Hemorrhage
-intercerebral(break in blood vessel=bleeding in brain)aneurysm
Ischemic
Thrombotic
--blocks blood flow to brain
--most common kind of stroke
--more males than females
Embolic
-fatty plaque or other breaks away and flows to brain where it gets trapped in an artery near the brainHemorrhage Stroke
Intracerebral and subarachnoid
storke location
left cerebral vascular accident (l CVA)
Right cerebral vascular accident (R CVA)
Aphasia left hemisphere deficits
1) auditory comprehension-difficulty understanding verbal input
2) word finding problems-inability to verbalize a word or words to communicate a message
deficits of aphasia: Paraphasias
semantic paraphasia: word substitution belonging to the same semantic class(spent whole day working on tv-computer)
phonemic paraphasia-substitution of one sound for another
deficits of aphasia:
jargon: production of made up words
reading: inability to derive meaning from written texts
writing: produce letters illegibly, in the incorrect order, or substitute incorrect letters into a word
problems in gesturing:
make inappropriate facial gestures, head motions or hand movements ie shaking head instead of nodding, touching ear instead of pointing to named object
types of aphasia (left hemisphere)
Brocas: good comprehension effortful speech
Wernicke’s poor comprehension but fluent speech
global: poor comprehension and virtually no speech
conduction: good comprehension poor speech repetition
anomic: good comprehension and many circumlocutions in speech
Right cerebral vascular accident(R-CVA )
Right hemisphere damage:
- tangential speech
- humor impaired
- prosody impaired
- difficulty understanding and producing emotion
Left Hemisphere Damage
- Effortful speech
- naming problems
- speech devoid of meaning
- word substitutions
Dementia
group of symptoms related to memory loss and overall cognitive impairment-usually worsens and is irreversible
may not see brain damage on imaging
wide spread damage to brain
impairment of personality and insight
lang impairments are more or less prominent in different forms of dementia, but these are usually overshadowed by widespread intellectual loss
Parkinson’s Disease
speech symptoms:
- involve reduced volume
- reduced pitch range (monotone)
- difficulty with articulation of sounds or syllables
language symptoms:
- may exhibit word finding difficulties
- grammatical difficulties. they tend for example to use simplified sentence structures with an increase in the ratio of open-class items(nouns, verbs, adjectives) to closed class items(determiners auxiliaries, prepositions) as well as an increase in the frequency and duration of hesitations and pauses
communication techiniques with alzheimers patients
identify yourself, eye contat. calm voice, short sentences, one step directions, yes no questions, eliminate background noise
