quiz 11

Question 1

changes as aging-semantics

Answer 1

primary complaint of elders is confrontation naming-(“what is the name of this?” theyre put on the spot
passive naming (given choices or point to object, they do just fine-theres no change with the passive)
circumlocution(circular) talking around the word, might have word finding difficulty “You know that thing that you use to cook…”
new intonation and new words being stigmatized

Question 2

lang development-comprehension

Answer 2

Comprehension
1) Performance tends to decrease – WHY?

2) Idea that older adults tend to do more face/lip reading than younger adults and perform more semantic guessing -compared to younger adults is false.
3) Both younger and older adults rely on the context – in signal detection types of tasks.

Question 3

Similarities between Dementia and Aphasia

Answer 3

Both Demonstrate:

1) Perseveration-stuck on a particular topic
2) Naming Problems
3) Fluency
4) Jargon
5) Circumlocution
6) Empty Discourse
7) Semantic Paraphasias(you handed me a fork oh I mean spoon)

Question 4

difference of dementia (v aphasia)

Answer 4

orientation: ongoing difficulty
memory: would forget a wedding
onset: gradual
what is affected: diffuse damage(spread out)

Question 5

difference of aphasia (v dementia)

Answer 5

orientation: orientation problems will stabilize
memory: would only forget someone at the wedding
onset:immediate unless a brain tumor
what is affected: specific area of damage

Question 6

Discourse changes

Answer 6

tangential stories-false
shorter sentences and less complex grammar
Makes more errors in morphological markers, past tense, subject-verb.

Question 7

changes in speech

Answer 7

voice quality:

• weakening of muscles and nerve tissues resulting in vocal fold bowing
• vocal fold tissue can thin (hoarse & breathy)
• change in hormone levels

Question 8

matched guise model

Answer 8

recording of two people speaking, english and frenhc, lsiteners were otld to lsiten to the speakers and were not told thta it was the same person, the people judged the people speaking english as more intelligent

Question 9

second language acquisition3 keys

Answer 9

1. Motivation
2. Time
3. Brain laterality

Question 10

Cognitive factors affecting language

Answer 10

1) speed of processing
2) inhibition
3) working memory

this is why they use mnemonics and recall and practice sometimes

Question 11

which hemisphere processes language in the brain?

Answer 11

majority of the left–brocas and wernickes

Question 12

brain stuff

Answer 12

email

Question 13

Aphasia

Answer 13

language disturbance from localized impairment of the language areas of the brain. most common form is a stroke, also arises form head trauma, Brain tumors, and infections

Question 14

types of strokes

Answer 14

ischemic

Hemorrhage
-intercerebral(break in blood vessel=bleeding in brain)aneurysm

Question 15

Ischemic

Answer 15

Thrombotic
    --blocks blood flow to brain
    --most common kind of stroke
    --more males than females
Embolic
    -fatty plaque or other breaks away and flows to brain where it gets trapped in an artery near the brain

Question 16

Hemorrhage Stroke

Answer 16

Intracerebral and subarachnoid

Question 17

storke location

Answer 17

left cerebral vascular accident (l CVA)

Right cerebral vascular accident (R CVA)

Question 18

Aphasia left hemisphere deficits

Answer 18

1) auditory comprehension-difficulty understanding verbal input
2) word finding problems-inability to verbalize a word or words to communicate a message

Question 19

deficits of aphasia: Paraphasias

Answer 19

semantic paraphasia: word substitution belonging to the same semantic class(spent whole day working on tv-computer)

phonemic paraphasia-substitution of one sound for another

Question 20

deficits of aphasia:

Answer 20

jargon: production of made up words
reading: inability to derive meaning from written texts
writing: produce letters illegibly, in the incorrect order, or substitute incorrect letters into a word

problems in gesturing:
make inappropriate facial gestures, head motions or hand movements ie shaking head instead of nodding, touching ear instead of pointing to named object

Question 21

types of aphasia (left hemisphere)

Answer 21

Brocas: good comprehension effortful speech

Wernicke’s poor comprehension but fluent speech

global: poor comprehension and virtually no speech
conduction: good comprehension poor speech repetition
anomic: good comprehension and many circumlocutions in speech

Question 22

Right cerebral vascular accident(R-CVA )

Answer 22

Right hemisphere damage:

• tangential speech
• humor impaired
• prosody impaired
• difficulty understanding and producing emotion

Question 23

Left Hemisphere Damage

Answer 23

• Effortful speech
• naming problems
• speech devoid of meaning
• word substitutions

Question 24

Dementia

Answer 24

group of symptoms related to memory loss and overall cognitive impairment-usually worsens and is irreversible

may not see brain damage on imaging
wide spread damage to brain
impairment of personality and insight
lang impairments are more or less prominent in different forms of dementia, but these are usually overshadowed by widespread intellectual loss

Question 25

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 25

speech symptoms:

• involve reduced volume
• reduced pitch range (monotone)
• difficulty with articulation of sounds or syllables

language symptoms:

• may exhibit word finding difficulties
• grammatical difficulties. they tend for example to use simplified sentence structures with an increase in the ratio of open-class items(nouns, verbs, adjectives) to closed class items(determiners auxiliaries, prepositions) as well as an increase in the frequency and duration of hesitations and pauses

Question 26

communication techiniques with alzheimers patients

Answer 26

identify yourself, eye contat. calm voice, short sentences, one step directions, yes no questions, eliminate background noise