quiz 5 Flashcards
:highest net primary productivity
:pulls highest amount of carbon out of atm or ocean and produce O2
coral reefs
diatoms draw in … to produce …
draw in CO2 to produce glucose
second to coral reefs in primary productivity
kelp beds
:keep habitat and ecosystem in balance
:elephants
keystone species
green house gases
CO2
methane :CH4
H20 vapor
allow visible light to pass thru which is absorbed by earth and released as heat, but hat cannot pass thru gases and is stuck on earth building up
green house gases
put carbon into atm
sources
remove carbon from atm
sinks
5 sources
1) weathering of limestone
2) volcanic activity
3) burning and decay of biomass
4) respiration
5) burning of fossil fuel
5 sinks
1) weathering of granite
2) photosynthesis
3) burial of biomass
4) deposition of carbonate sediments
5) CO2 dissolves in sea water
:more efficient green house gas than CO2
:created by breakdown of organic material
methane
:how eliptical an orbit is
:the closer to the sun, the more solar energy received
eccentricity
:tilt of earth’s axis
:determines seasons
:if zero–> no seasons
obliquity
:wobble of earth: like a spinning top
:caused by gravitational effects of sun and moon
:changes direction of tilt of Earth’s axis
Precision
important for life in ocean and is responsible for protein which is used by plants and animals
nitrogen
chemical process that creates ammonium nitrate
Haber-Bosch Process
4 components used for metabolism
1) Carbon
2) Nitrogen
3) Oxygen
4) Hydrogen
zone with photosynthesis and vision
euphotic zone
euphotic zone depth
down to 70m
zone with only vision
disphotic zone
depth of disphotic zone
to 600m
zone of no vision
aphotic zone
aphotic zone depth
below 600m
relationship of solubility of gases and temp
as temp rises, solubility decreases
population of organisms that can make and produce viable offspring
species
a species gets divided into 2 species after being separated
allopatric speciation
:mutations in sex cells, random
:neutral, insignificant
:negative
:postive
adaptation
:determines if a mutation is neutral, positive, or negative
:isnt random
natural selection
species develop similar characteristics to exploit similar resources
convergent evolution
those that are able to best utilize their habitat survive
survival of the fittest
:extremophiles
:live in acidic water, hot waters, rock, or extremely salty water
archaea
:diatoms
:radiolarians
:forams
protista
Linean Classification System
\:King --> Kingdom \:Philip --> Phylum \:Called --> Class \:Out --> Order \:For --> Family \:General --> Genus \:Smith --> Species
what has driven evolution
steady change (biology) and punctuated equilibrium
:accumulation of genetic change creates new species over long periods of time
biology–> steady change
species remain the same but change due to outside factors (climate change)
punctuated equilibrium (palentology)
5 great mass extinctions
1) End of Ordovician
2) Late Devonian
3) End Permian
4) End Triassic
5) End Cretaceous
cause of End Ordovician
climate change
cause of Late Devonian
:unknown cause
:major change in oceans
cause of End Permian
volcanic activity
cause of End Triassic
climate change (cooling)
cause of End Cretaceous
meteor impact
largest mass extinction
End Permian –> 95% if species lost
any organism that cant swim again 1 knot current
plankton
:bloom in spring and summer
:cause red tide
:toxins arent harmful to shellfish, only humans
:cause amnesiac poisoning
dinoflagellates
bloom is summer
coccolithophores
productivity equation
02 in light bottle - O2 in dark bottle = Productivity (photosynthesis)
:O2 production (photosynthesis) = O2 consumption (respiration)
:bottom of euphotic zone
consumption depth
parts of kelp
hold fast –> at base
blades –> leaves
stipe –> stem
gas bladder
where is kelp found
along coastlines
oldest multicellular life
Ediacaran Fauna
Burgess Shale fauna is from where
Canada
