Quiz 1

Question 0

***what is the deepest point in the ocean

Answer 0

Challenger deep (Mariana trench)

Question 1

***what percent of total water is salt water

Answer 1

97.5%

Question 2

***what is the tallest mountain

Answer 2

Hawaii

Question 3

***defines how far north or south we are from the equator

Answer 3

Latitude –> equator

Question 4

***Defines how Far East and West from Prime meridian

Answer 4

Longitude –> Prime Meridian

Question 5

the number 4 chronometer was made by who

Answer 5

John Harrison

Question 6

this was a storehouse for ships logs

Answer 6

library of Alexandria

Question 7

who created a modern system of Latitude and longitude

Answer 7

Hipparchus

Question 8

Who oriented maps (North is up)

Answer 8

Claudius Ptolemy

Question 9

they colonized islands in the pacific

they were able to look at shapes of waves and know where islands were located

Answer 9

Polynesians

Question 10

they discovered america

Answer 10

vikings

Question 11

they created a central rudder system and watertight compartments
they were the first to develop a compass
they had huge ships

Answer 11

Chinese

Question 12

He was the “Navigator of Portugal”

–> sent ships out to map out new areas

Answer 12

Prince Henry

Question 13

he was looking for a shorter route to Asia but discovered america

Answer 13

Christopher Columbus

Question 14

He had the first voyage around the world

Answer 14

Ferdinand Megellan

Question 15

This was published in 1507

It was the first map to name America and show new world as separate from Asia

Answer 15

Waldseemiller Map

Question 16

***Father of Modern Oceanography
Killed by Hawaiians on Feb 14
dietician
charted New Zealand and Great Barrier Reef

Answer 16

Captain Cook

Question 17

Had a 4yr voyage for US Navy

19 volume report formed core of Smithsonian Collection

Answer 17

Lt Charles Wilkes

Question 18

First “full time” oceanographyer
compiled marine charts and weather charts into a reference for mariners
charts have wind and current directions

Answer 18

Matthew Fontaine Maury

Question 19

***First map to show a current
current: Golf Stream
shortened time from Europe to America

Answer 19

Franklin and Folger map

Question 20

***Expedition w/ Murray and Thomson
Purely scientific 
showed life below 1800 ft was abundant
discovered 4717 new species
Murray wrote a 50 volume set

Answer 20

Challenger Expedition

Question 21

***Challenger Expedition was important because

Answer 21

it showed that scientific work is profitable

Question 22

In 1892 wrote a book :The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1660-1783)
Landmark book for developing naval power and strategy

Answer 22

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Question 23

Had the polar exploration
first professor of oceanography
captained the “fram”
–>ship designed to withstand polar ice
–> proved no northern continent existed
stuck in ice for 4 yrs

Answer 23

Fridtjof Nansen

Question 24

***JOIDES

Answer 24

Joint Oceanographic Institute for Deep Earth Sampling

Question 25

***Oceanographic Institutions

Answer 25

Woods Hole Scripps Institute Lamont Doherty

Question 26

***collection of dust and gas in space | form when a star explodes

Answer 26

Nebula

Question 27

***Mass coming together to form a larger mass

Answer 27

Accretion

Question 28

***believes that gravity pulls dust and gas from nebula and create new stars and planets (solar system)

Answer 28

Nebular Hypothesis

Question 29

***believes that a Mars sized structure struck the earth and created the moon

Answer 29

giant impact hypothesis

Question 30

***structure of earth based on composition

Answer 30

core --> mantle --> crust

Question 31

***density of continental crust

Answer 31

2.7 g/cm3

Question 32

***density of oceanic crust

Answer 32

2.9 g/cm3

Question 33

defined as heavier material sinking

Answer 33

differentiation

Question 34

***defined as lighter materials floating

Answer 34

isostasy

Question 35

***bigger base created to support heavier load (sinks) load that doesnt move load of earth pushes crust down

Answer 35

isostatic load

Question 36

***earth's structure by physical properties

Answer 36

1) inner core 2) outer core 3) MESOsphere 4) ASTHENOsphere 5) LITHOsphere

Question 37

***Primary and compressional travel thru liquids and solids fastest

Answer 37

P waves

Question 38

***Secondary and shear waves travel thru solids slow

Answer 38

S waves

Question 39

***who is assoc with original lines of evidence (continental drift)

Answer 39

Alfred Wegener

Question 40

***5 Modern Day Lines of Evidence (Continental Drift)

Answer 40

1) seismic evidence- earthquake locations 2) structural evidence- ridges and trenches 3) magnetic evidence- stripes on the seafloor 4) age of seafloor- DSDP 5) Presence of hot spots

Question 41

***Ma definition

Answer 41

Mega Annum (million years)

Question 42

***oldest ocean crust

Answer 42

about 180 Ma

Question 43

Conversion Plate Boundaries | continental crust vs. oceanic crust are found in

Answer 43

Andes

Question 44

Conversion Plate Boundaries | oceanic crust vs. oceanic crust is found in

Answer 44

Japan

Question 45

Conversion Plate Boundaries | continental crust vs continental crust is found in

Answer 45

Himalayas

Question 46

Divergent Plate Boundaries | continental vs continental found in

Answer 46

East African Rift

Question 47

divergent plate boundaries | oceanic crust vs oceanic crust found in

Answer 47

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question 48

transform plate boundaries are.... | and found in...

Answer 48

are 2 plates moving past each other | found in: San Andreas