quiz 3 (after midterm)

Question 0

weather change in socal during El Niño

Answer 0

wet weather

Question 1

:this occurs when trade winds slaken and even reverse direction
:cold water moves to western pacific (drought)
and hot water moves to Eastern pacific (rain)

Answer 1

El Niño

Question 2

weather change in South America during El Niño

Answer 2

:wet weather/flooding

:fishing industry collapses

Question 3

weather change in asia during El Niño

Answer 3

droughts

Question 4

weather change in eastern seaboard during El Niño

Answer 4

milder weather: cool summer/ warm winter

Question 5

weather change in Africa during El Niño

Answer 5

severe drought

Question 6

weather change in australia during El Niño

Answer 6

drought

Question 7

system of buoys that stretches across the pacific basin and extend to about 20 degrees north and south latitude

Answer 7

Tao Array

Question 8

:occurs with worse normal conditions
:increasing speed of upwelling
:trade winds strengthen

Answer 8

La Niña

Question 9

rotates clockwise

contributes to Gulf Stream

Answer 9

North Atlantic Gyre

Question 10

friction between water molecules causes the energy in the water to curve and the water is transferred on average 90 degrees to the right of the wind direction

Answer 10

Ekman Transport

Question 11

water direction at a low depth versus surface

Answer 11

at low depth, water is pushed into opposite direction

at surface its pushed at 90 degree angle

Question 12

what are the 6 gyres

Answer 12

north and south atlantic gyre
North and South Pacific gyre
indian gyre
west wind drift

Question 13

define western boundary and give an example

Answer 13

Gulf Stream, kuroshio current
\:narrow
\:deep
\:swift
\:large transport
\:warm
\:clockwise rotation

Question 14

define eastern boundary current and give an example

Answer 14

\:California Current, Canary Current
\:broad
\:shallow
\:slow
\:small transport
\:cold
\:counterclockwise rotation

Question 15

current gain in speed and strength as they move west due to the coriolis effect

Answer 15

Westward intensification

Question 16

:wind from south

:water moving onshore due to eckman transport

Answer 16

downwelling

Question 17

developed Langmuir Circulation

Answer 17

irving langmuir

Question 18

as wind blows across ocean, convergences and divergences come together forming lines of foam

Answer 18

langmuir circulation

Question 19

convergences where debris and foam accumulate

Answer 19

lines of foam (windrows)

Question 20

:driven by temp and salinity values of waters
:currents below pycnocline
:transfers heat thru out globe

Answer 20

thermohaline circulation

Question 21

depth of surface water

Answer 21

down to 660ft

Question 22

depth of central water

Answer 22

660ft to bottom of thermocline

Question 23

intermediate water depth

Answer 23

thermocline to 5000ft

Question 24

deep water depth

Answer 24

5000-13000ft

Question 25

bottom water depth

Answer 25

13000ft to sea floor

Question 26

occurs when 2 water masses of equal density combine to create a third water mass with a higher density

Answer 26

caballing

Question 27

ways to examine ocean currents

Answer 27

``` drogue sofar float trash/ rubber ducks ekman flow meter slocum glider ```

Question 28

what makes waves

Answer 28

wind earthquakes landslides gravity/ earth's rotation

Question 29

how fast the wind is blowing | measured in knots

Answer 29

wind speed

Question 30

nautical miles per hr

Answer 30

knots

Question 31

:how far the wind stays in contact with water | :measured in nautical miles

Answer 31

fetch

Question 32

:how long the wind blows for | :measured in hours

Answer 32

duration

Question 33

depth that wave energy extends to is about....

Answer 33

half the wavelength

Question 34

a wavelength measures ..... to .....

Answer 34

crest to crest

Question 35

how many waves pass a fixed point in a unit of time

Answer 35

frequency

Question 36

how long it takes an entire wave to pass a fixed point

Answer 36

period

Question 37

:water moving forward | :not perfect orbital --> it ends up slightly forward

Answer 37

stokes drift

Question 38

waves are as large as possible for given conditions

Answer 38

fully developed sea

Question 39

depth greater than 1/2 the wavelength

Answer 39

deep water waves (wind waves)

Question 40

depth less than L/2 but greater than L/20

Answer 40

transitional water waves

Question 41

depth less than L/20

Answer 41

shallow water wave (tsunami)

Question 42

how fast the energy moves

Answer 42

wave speed

Question 43

when measuring deep water waves, .... and ..... are needed to know

Answer 43

wavelength and period | C= L/T

Question 44

when measuring shallow water waves, ... are needed to know

Answer 44

depth

Question 45

wavelength and speed relations

Answer 45

the greater the wavelength --> the greater the speed

Question 46

waves that have traveled out of the area where they were created

Answer 46

swell

Question 47

waves are largest at bottom near antarctic due to...

Answer 47

infinite fetch --> no land mass in the way

Question 48

a wave train moves at half the speed of individual waves

Answer 48

group velocity

Question 49

waves greater than the height of other waves in the area

Answer 49

rogue waves

Question 50

bending of waves

Answer 50

wave refraction

Question 51

large waves forming many smaller waves

Answer 51

wave diffraction

Question 52

no vertical movement at node and no lateral progression of wave

Answer 52

standing wave (seiche)

Question 53

where waters with 2 different densities meet | occur near pycnocline

Answer 53

internal waves

Question 54

first scientifically studied earthquake and tsunami

Answer 54

Lisbon, Portugal 1755