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oceanography > quiz 3 (after midterm) > Flashcards

quiz 3 (after midterm) Flashcards

0
Q

weather change in socal during El Niño

A

wet weather

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1
Q

:this occurs when trade winds slaken and even reverse direction
:cold water moves to western pacific (drought)
and hot water moves to Eastern pacific (rain)

A

El Niño

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2
Q

weather change in South America during El Niño

A

:wet weather/flooding

:fishing industry collapses

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3
Q

weather change in asia during El Niño

A

droughts

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4
Q

weather change in eastern seaboard during El Niño

A

milder weather: cool summer/ warm winter

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5
Q

weather change in Africa during El Niño

A

severe drought

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6
Q

weather change in australia during El Niño

A

drought

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7
Q

system of buoys that stretches across the pacific basin and extend to about 20 degrees north and south latitude

A

Tao Array

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8
Q

:occurs with worse normal conditions
:increasing speed of upwelling
:trade winds strengthen

A

La Niña

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9
Q

rotates clockwise

contributes to Gulf Stream

A

North Atlantic Gyre

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10
Q

friction between water molecules causes the energy in the water to curve and the water is transferred on average 90 degrees to the right of the wind direction

A

Ekman Transport

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11
Q

water direction at a low depth versus surface

A

at low depth, water is pushed into opposite direction

at surface its pushed at 90 degree angle

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12
Q

what are the 6 gyres

A

north and south atlantic gyre
North and South Pacific gyre
indian gyre
west wind drift

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13
Q

define western boundary and give an example

A 
Gulf Stream, kuroshio current
\:narrow
\:deep
\:swift
\:large transport
\:warm
\:clockwise rotation
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14
Q

define eastern boundary current and give an example

A 
\:California Current, Canary Current
\:broad
\:shallow
\:slow
\:small transport
\:cold
\:counterclockwise rotation
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15
Q

current gain in speed and strength as they move west due to the coriolis effect

A

Westward intensification

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16
Q

:wind from south

:water moving onshore due to eckman transport

A

downwelling

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17
Q

developed Langmuir Circulation

A

irving langmuir

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18
Q

as wind blows across ocean, convergences and divergences come together forming lines of foam

A

langmuir circulation

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19
Q

convergences where debris and foam accumulate

A

lines of foam (windrows)

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20
Q

:driven by temp and salinity values of waters
:currents below pycnocline
:transfers heat thru out globe

A

thermohaline circulation

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21
Q

depth of surface water

A

down to 660ft

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22
Q

depth of central water

A

660ft to bottom of thermocline

23
Q

intermediate water depth

A

thermocline to 5000ft

24
Q

deep water depth

A

5000-13000ft

25
Q

bottom water depth

A

13000ft to sea floor

26
Q

occurs when 2 water masses of equal density combine to create a third water mass with a higher density

A

caballing

27
Q

ways to examine ocean currents

A 
drogue
sofar float
trash/ rubber ducks
ekman flow meter
slocum glider
28
Q

what makes waves

A

wind
earthquakes
landslides
gravity/ earth’s rotation

29
Q

how fast the wind is blowing

measured in knots

A

wind speed

30
Q

nautical miles per hr

A

knots

31
Q

:how far the wind stays in contact with water

:measured in nautical miles

A

fetch

32
Q

:how long the wind blows for

:measured in hours

A

duration

33
Q

depth that wave energy extends to is about….

A

half the wavelength

34
Q

a wavelength measures ….. to …..

A

crest to crest

35
Q

how many waves pass a fixed point in a unit of time

A

frequency

36
Q

how long it takes an entire wave to pass a fixed point

A

period

37
Q

:water moving forward

:not perfect orbital –> it ends up slightly forward

A

stokes drift

38
Q

waves are as large as possible for given conditions

A

fully developed sea

39
Q

depth greater than 1/2 the wavelength

A

deep water waves (wind waves)

40
Q

depth less than L/2 but greater than L/20

A

transitional water waves

41
Q

depth less than L/20

A

shallow water wave (tsunami)

42
Q

how fast the energy moves

A

wave speed

43
Q

when measuring deep water waves, …. and ….. are needed to know

A

wavelength and period

C= L/T

44
Q

when measuring shallow water waves, … are needed to know

A

depth

45
Q

wavelength and speed relations

A

the greater the wavelength –> the greater the speed

46
Q

waves that have traveled out of the area where they were created

A

swell

47
Q

waves are largest at bottom near antarctic due to…

A

infinite fetch –> no land mass in the way

48
Q

a wave train moves at half the speed of individual waves

A

group velocity

49
Q

waves greater than the height of other waves in the area

A

rogue waves

50
Q

bending of waves

A

wave refraction

51
Q

large waves forming many smaller waves

A

wave diffraction

52
Q

no vertical movement at node and no lateral progression of wave

A

standing wave (seiche)

53
Q

where waters with 2 different densities meet

occur near pycnocline

A

internal waves

54
Q

first scientifically studied earthquake and tsunami

A

Lisbon, Portugal 1755

oceanography (9 decks)

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