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oceanography > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

0
Q

drives convection, therefore plate tectonics

A

heat inside earth

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1
Q

things tht control/drive plate tectonics

A
  1. convection (main driving force)
  2. ridge push
  3. slab pull
  4. slab suction
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2
Q

went to challenger deep in trieste

A

don walsh and jacques picard

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3
Q

measures how deep water is

A

bathymetry

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4
Q

how to measure bathymetry/depth

A
  1. rock and rope
  2. single beam sonar
  3. multi bean sonar
  4. satellite altimetry (doesnt measure depth)
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5
Q

single depth measurement

A

sounding

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6
Q

produced first full map showing sea floor in 1977

A

marie tharp and bruce heezen

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7
Q

average depth of ocean

A

12500 ft

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8
Q

average depth of land

A

2860 ft

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9
Q

largest % of earth’s surface occupied by

A

ocean basin floors

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10
Q

florida coastline is modified by

A

strong florida current

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11
Q

oregon coast is modified by

A

large river and scrapping of shelves

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12
Q

texas coastline is modified by

A

salt domes

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13
Q

what evidence do turbidites leave behind in rock record

A

graded beds

:greater sized rocks at bottom with finer sized rocks at top all deposited from one event

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14
Q

what triggers turbidites

A

:turbid flows of sediment

triggered by: earthquakes and hurricanes

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15
Q
  • emit crystals of metal sulfides

- more iron

A

black smokers

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16
Q
  • emit crystals of metal sulfides

- more aluminum

A

white smokers

17
Q

volcanoes on seafloor

were at one point above sealevel and active but got too far from magma and sunk below sea level

A

Guyots

18
Q

mountains

at one point were above sealevel

A

seamounts

19
Q

name 7 ocean sediments

A
  1. clay
  2. silt
  3. sand
  4. granules
  5. pebbles
  6. cobbles
  7. boulders
20
Q

sediment that comes from land

A

terrigenous sediments

21
Q

sediments that come from space

A

cosmogenous sediments

22
Q

calcium carbonate “calcite”

A

CaCO3

23
Q

organisms of carbonate biogenous sediments

A
  1. foraminiferan (forams)

2. coccolithophores

24
Q

depth at where CaCO3 skeletons are dissolved by acidic waters with CO2

A

Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD)

25
Q

average depth of CCD

A

4500 meters

26
Q

silica

A

SiO2

27
Q

organisms of silicious biogenous sediments

A
  1. radiolarians

2. diatoms

28
Q

organisms of hydrogenous sediments

A
  1. manganese nodules
  2. hydrothermal vents
  3. oolites (made of CaCO3)
29
Q

current velocity and sedimentation

A

the faster the current –> the less the sedimentation comes to rest
the slower the current –> the more the sedimentation comes to rest

30
Q

study of tracks, trails and burrows

**tells us about fossilized behavior

A

ichnology

31
Q

How we sample the sea floor

A
  1. Clam shell scoop
  2. short cores
  3. piston cores
  4. drilling
  5. divers
  6. remote sensing
  7. submarines and ROVs
32
Q

tiny critters in sediment that move around in sample of sea floor, destroying it

A

meiofauna

33
Q

characteristics of water

A
  1. Polar
  2. Adhesive
  3. Cohesive
  4. Solid is less dense than liquid
  5. High heat capacity
  6. exists as solid, liquid, gas at 0 C at earths surface
  7. High latent heat
  8. Universal solvent
  9. about 1m/yr evaporates from oceans
34
Q

energy produced by vibration of atoms or molecules

*measures how many atoms or molecules are vibrating

A

heat

35
Q

measure of how rapidly the molecules of a substance are vibrating

A

temperature

36
Q

energy necessary to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius

A

calorie

37
Q

-measure of heat required to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C

A

heat capacity

***heat capacity and calorie are same only w/ water

38
Q

water reaches its max density at

A

4 degrees celsius

39
Q

…decreases (lowers) temp for freezing

A

salinity

40
Q

density and temp of seawater (characteristics)

A

increase temp –> decrease density

increase salinity of water –> increase density

41
Q

Depth of shelf slope break

A

140 meter depth

oceanography (9 decks)

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