Quiz 2

Question 0

drives convection, therefore plate tectonics

Answer 0

heat inside earth

Question 1

things tht control/drive plate tectonics

Answer 1

1. convection (main driving force)
2. ridge push
3. slab pull
4. slab suction

Question 2

went to challenger deep in trieste

Answer 2

don walsh and jacques picard

Question 3

measures how deep water is

Answer 3

bathymetry

Question 4

how to measure bathymetry/depth

Answer 4

1. rock and rope
2. single beam sonar
3. multi bean sonar
4. satellite altimetry (doesnt measure depth)

Question 5

single depth measurement

Answer 5

sounding

Question 6

produced first full map showing sea floor in 1977

Answer 6

marie tharp and bruce heezen

Question 7

average depth of ocean

Answer 7

12500 ft

Question 8

average depth of land

Answer 8

2860 ft

Question 9

largest % of earth’s surface occupied by

Answer 9

ocean basin floors

Question 10

florida coastline is modified by

Answer 10

strong florida current

Question 11

oregon coast is modified by

Answer 11

large river and scrapping of shelves

Question 12

texas coastline is modified by

Answer 12

salt domes

Question 13

what evidence do turbidites leave behind in rock record

Answer 13

graded beds

:greater sized rocks at bottom with finer sized rocks at top all deposited from one event

Question 14

what triggers turbidites

Answer 14

:turbid flows of sediment

triggered by: earthquakes and hurricanes

Question 15

• emit crystals of metal sulfides

- more iron

Answer 15

black smokers

Question 16

• emit crystals of metal sulfides

- more aluminum

Answer 16

white smokers

Question 17

volcanoes on seafloor

were at one point above sealevel and active but got too far from magma and sunk below sea level

Answer 17

Guyots

Question 18

mountains

at one point were above sealevel

Answer 18

seamounts

Question 19

name 7 ocean sediments

Answer 19

1. clay
2. silt
3. sand
4. granules
5. pebbles
6. cobbles
7. boulders

Question 20

sediment that comes from land

Answer 20

terrigenous sediments

Question 21

sediments that come from space

Answer 21

cosmogenous sediments

Question 22

calcium carbonate “calcite”

Answer 22

CaCO3

Question 23

organisms of carbonate biogenous sediments

Answer 23

1. foraminiferan (forams)

2. coccolithophores

Question 24

depth at where CaCO3 skeletons are dissolved by acidic waters with CO2

Answer 24

Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD)

Question 25

average depth of CCD

Answer 25

4500 meters

Question 26

silica

Answer 26

SiO2

Question 27

organisms of silicious biogenous sediments

Answer 27

1. radiolarians | 2. diatoms

Question 28

organisms of hydrogenous sediments

Answer 28

1. manganese nodules 2. hydrothermal vents 3. oolites (made of CaCO3)

Question 29

current velocity and sedimentation

Answer 29

the faster the current --> the less the sedimentation comes to rest the slower the current --> the more the sedimentation comes to rest

Question 30

study of tracks, trails and burrows | **tells us about fossilized behavior

Answer 30

ichnology

Question 31

How we sample the sea floor

Answer 31

1. Clam shell scoop 2. short cores 3. piston cores 4. drilling 5. divers 6. remote sensing 7. submarines and ROVs

Question 32

tiny critters in sediment that move around in sample of sea floor, destroying it

Answer 32

meiofauna

Question 33

characteristics of water

Answer 33

1. Polar 2. Adhesive 3. Cohesive 4. Solid is less dense than liquid 5. High heat capacity 6. exists as solid, liquid, gas at 0 C at earths surface 7. High latent heat 8. Universal solvent 9. about 1m/yr evaporates from oceans

Question 34

energy produced by vibration of atoms or molecules | *measures how many atoms or molecules are vibrating

Answer 34

heat

Question 35

measure of how rapidly the molecules of a substance are vibrating

Answer 35

temperature

Question 36

energy necessary to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius

Answer 36

calorie

Question 37

-measure of heat required to raise the temp of 1 gram of a substance by 1 C

Answer 37

heat capacity | ***heat capacity and calorie are same only w/ water

Question 38

water reaches its max density at

Answer 38

4 degrees celsius

Question 39

...decreases (lowers) temp for freezing

Answer 39

salinity

Question 40

density and temp of seawater (characteristics)

Answer 40

increase temp --> decrease density | increase salinity of water --> increase density

Question 41

Depth of shelf slope break

Answer 41

140 meter depth