last info Flashcards
:filter feeders
:colar cells have a flagellum that moves water
:have spicules
Porifera
3 present day fauna represented in Ediacaran fauna
- Jellyfish and Sea Pens
- Segmented worms
- Primitive members of phylum Arthropoda
sponges
Porifera
:have stinging cells
:once tentacles are touch, a sac filled with poison releases harpoons
:solitary or colonial
Cnidaria
jellyfish and corals
Cnidaria
:soft body
:scavengers
:parsitic
:predatory
worms
:have muscular foot
:clam, squid, chambered nautilus, octopus
Mollusca
clams
pelecypods
:bivalves
snails
gastropods
squid, octopus, chambered nautilus
cephalopods
:5 fold symmetry
:spiny skin
:water vascular system allows them to move
Echinoderms
starfish and sea urchins
Echinoderms
:grow by molting
:crabs, lobsters, shrimp
arthropods
:filter feeders
:body plan that show ancestry of many animals
tunicates
:earliest ancestor of vertebrates
:dorsal nerve cord
Amphioxus
Benthic zones
Supralittoral Littoral Sublittoral Bathyal Abyssa Hadal
zones by depth
Epipelagic
Mesopelagic
Bathypelagic
Abyssopelagic
2 ways submarine canyons form
- turbidites
- -> underwater landslides
- rise in sea level
- ->rivers running across continental shelf at times of lower sea level which are flooded as sea level rises
submergent coastlines features
\:barrier islands \:bay mouth bar \:lagoons \:tombolos \:estuaries \:long gently sloping beaches
emergent coastlines features
***southern california \:cliffs \:sea stacks \:sea caves \:headlands \:blow holes \:narrow steep beaches
:swimmers
:can swim against a 1 knot current
Nekton
live in neritic zone
plankton
nekton
:dont drink water
:water gained by osmosis
:salt absorbed by gills
:large volume of urine
fresh water fish
:drink water
:water lost by osmosis
:salt excreted by gills
:small volume of urine
salt water fish
:live on surface of sea floor
:starfish
epifaunal
:live in sea floor
:worms
Infaunal
vagrant
mobile
attached to sea floor
sessile
marine resources
- physical resources
- marine energy
- biological resources
- nonextractive resources
area of major fish production occurs
:coastal waters
:areas of upwelling
more fish located in
area over continental shelves –> nutrient rich
max amount of species that can be harvested w/o affecting future yields
max sustainable yeild
fish stocks over harvested
over fished
depletion of a species to the point it is no longer profitable to harvest
commercial extinction
animals unintentionally killed when other species are being harvested
by catch
mariculture (fish farming) is economically viable if
:marketable
:inexpensive to grow
:at marketable size w/in 1-2yrs
international agreement that governs the use of the world ocean
law of the sea
EEZ
exclusive economic zone
3 main types of input pollution
:direct discharge –> dumping
:surface run off
:atmospheric pollution
oceanic pollution examples
:deep sea mining
:acidification
:plastic debris
:noise pollution
:increase in chemical nutrients in an ecosystem
:rivers that empty into oceans
Eutrophication
caused the pacific garbage patch
Eckman transport
