Quiz 4-8-15

Question 1

a vegetative cell will form spores when it is exposed to adverse environmental conditions such as

Answer 1

nutrient limitations
waste accumulations
temperature changes
changes in the pH

Question 2

how long do endospores survive

Answer 2

25 million years or longer

Question 3

when conditions are favorable, an endospore will return to what type of cell

Answer 3

a vegetative cell

Question 4

what disease is caused by the endospore forming Clostridium tetani

Answer 4

tetanus, lock jaw

Question 5

what is the disease caused by the endospore forming Clostridium botulism

Answer 5

botulism

Question 6

what is the disease caused by the endospore forming Clostridium difficile

Answer 6

antibiotic associated colitis

Question 7

what must be available for an endospore to fully active into a vegetative cell

Answer 7

water

Question 8

what is the technique used to heat and force the stain through resistant spore

Answer 8

Schaeffer-fulton spore stain

Question 9

what is the primary dye in the Schaeffer-fulton method

Answer 9

malachite green- 6 minutes on a hot plate

Question 10

what is the decolorizer in the Schaeffer-fulton dye method

Answer 10

water

Question 11

what is the counterstain in the Schaeffer-fulton method

Answer 11

safranin for 2 minutes

Question 12

what does the spore coat consist of

Answer 12

keratin 
protein
calcium
dipicolinic acid
peptidoglycan

Question 13

what is the name of the most common genera of bacteria that produce endosposres

Answer 13

clostridium and bacillus