quiz 2-11-15

Question 1

Where is the cyanobacteria’s DNA contained

Answer 1

What is in the region of the cell called the nucleoid

Question 2

Cyanobacteria are classified as bacteria and belong to what domain?

Answer 2

What is the Domain Bacteria

Question 3

Cyanobacteria are classified into what Kingdom?

Answer 3

What is the Kingdom Monera

Question 4

True or false? Cyanobacteria have a nucleus and other double membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 4

False- they are prokaryotic cells and they lack a nucleus

Question 5

It’s where the Cyanobacteria derive their cellular energy from

Answer 5

Photosynthesis and utilization of chlorophyll a

Question 6

They are the accessory pigments of the Cyanobacteria

Answer 6

What are phycobilins

Question 7

Where can Cyanobacteria be found?

Answer 7

They can be found in the soil, freshwater and saltwater

Question 8

Which bacteria are the most numerous ad varied than any other photosynthetic bacterial group?

Answer 8

What are the Cyanobacteria

Question 9

What is the name of the toxin produced by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus?

Answer 9

What is Ciguatera toxin

Question 10

How do Cyanobacteria help the environment?

Answer 10

they restore the nitrogen levels through the process of nitrogen fixation.

Question 11

what is the reproductive structure of the cyanobacteria?

Answer 11

Akinete-

Question 12

which characteristics of the Akinete distinguish it from the rest of the cells of the cyanobacteria?

Answer 12

it is 2 to 3 times larger than the average cell in the filamentous strand and has thicker walls and has a grainy appearance.

Question 13

what is the thick walled cells of the cyanobacteria that are responsible for nitrogen fixation

Answer 13

they are known as the heterocyst

Question 14

how much of our atmosphere is nitrogen in the form of N2?

Answer 14

78%

Question 15

what is the name of the enzyme produced by nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria?

Answer 15

nitrogenase

Question 16

what enzyme is inactivated by oxygen so that the thick-walled heterocysts can inhibit the diffusion of the oxygen

Answer 16

nitrogenase

Question 17

name the 5 structures of the cyanobacteria

Answer 17

1. the Akinete
2. the heterocyst
3. the trichome
4. the sheath
5. the phycobilin

Question 18

what is Anabaena classified as

Answer 18

Cyanobacteria

Question 19

what Kingdom is Algae classified

Answer 19

Plantae and some Protista

Question 20

where can Algae be found

Answer 20

in freshwater, saltwater and in the soil.

Question 21

how are Algae classified

Answer 21

1. by their photosynthetic pigments
2. forms of reproduction
3. motility
4. composition of their cell walls

Question 22

True or False? All Algae contain chlorophyll b?

Answer 22

False all Algae contain chlorophyll a and may contain b,c or d

Question 23

How do Algae move?

Answer 23

they can move by flagella, gliding motility or be non motile

Question 24

how are Algae environmentally important?

Answer 24

they produce Oxygen as a by product of photosynthesis,

Question 25

how are Algae economically important?

Answer 25

1. they are the basis of food chains in their aquatic ecosystems as Plankton 2. they are a food source for animals and people 3. they can be used as an additive in foods and pharmalogical products 4. Agar is a product of algae

Question 26

what are the names of the Algae that have very distinctive elegant shells known as frustules

Answer 26

Diatomes

Question 27

what are the names of the Algae that have very stiff, armor like wall structures called thecae?

Answer 27

Dinoflagellates

Question 28

What is the name of the Dinoflagellate that causes ciguatera fish poisoning?

Answer 28

Gambierdiscus toxicus

Question 29

What is the name of the Dinoflagellate that causes neurological symptoms and bloody skin lesions on fish and humans that come in contact with the fish or the contaminated water?

Answer 29

Pfiesteria piscicida

Question 30

what is the name of the one algae that is infectious on animal tissues

Answer 30

Prototheca- a photosynthetic alga associated with skin and sub Q infections in humans and animals

Question 31

True or false? the Ciguatera toxin can be killed when properly cooking your fish?

Answer 31

False, it cannot be destroyed by cooking and their is no antidote.

Question 32

What type of organism is spirogyra?

Answer 32

it is a filamentous Algae

Question 33

what type of organism is peridinium

Answer 33

it is a dinoflagellate and is motile by using a flagella.

Question 34

what are the single cells eukaryotic organisms called that are found in freshwater or saltwater?

Answer 34

Protozoans

Question 35

How do Protozoans move?

Answer 35

they use different methods 1. flagella 2. cilia 3. pseudopods

Question 36

True or False? Protozoans have complex organells for feeding, reproduction and locomotion?

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

what is the clear outer layer of the protozoa cytoplasm that is responsible for locomotion, feeding and protection called?

Answer 37

ectoplasm

Question 38

what is the granular inner region of the protozoa that houses the nucleus, mitochondria, food and contractile vacuoles of the cytoplasm called?

Answer 38

endoplasm

Question 39

what kingdom are protozoa classified in

Answer 39

Kingdom protista

Question 40

what domain are protozoa classified in

Answer 40

Domain Eukarya

Question 41

what type of movement is caused when the oxygen molecules collide with the organisms and make them move?

Answer 41

The Brownian movement

Question 42

what is the best method of viewing motility of bacteria on a thick slide with a deep well, known as

Answer 42

the hanging drop method

Question 43

how do most bacteria move?

Answer 43

they have flagella.

Question 44

what is the phenomenon called that bacteria use to move and change directions quickly?

Answer 44

run and tumble

Question 45

how many flagella do bacteria have?

Answer 45

they can have multiple or single

Question 46

what is the name of the motile feeding stage of the protozoan, that requires ample food and moisture to remain active

Answer 46

trophozoite

Question 47

what is the name of the dormant stage of the protozoan, when conditions aren't favorable for growth and feeding

Answer 47

cyst

Question 48

what is the stage called when the trophozoite rounds itself up into a sphere, the ectoplasm secretes a thick cuticle around the cell membrane.

Answer 48

encystment

Question 49

what is the stage called when the mature cyst returns to favorable conditions and it is restored

Answer 49

excystment

Question 50

what is used during microscopy to minimize light scattering while viewing a specimen?

Answer 50

oil immersion

Question 51

what has the same refractive index as glass

Answer 51

oil immersion

Question 52

what is the focusing of as much light as possible to add to the clarity of the image

Answer 52

resolution

Question 53

why is immersion oil used?

Answer 53

to prevent the loss of light that results from refraction

Question 54

what is the measurement of how greatly a substance slows the velocity of light

Answer 54

refractive index

Question 55

what is the formula for resolving power

Answer 55

(RP= ^/2NA)

Question 56

what does RP stand for

Answer 56

resolving power

Question 57

what does the NA stand for

Answer 57

numerical aperture

Question 58

what does the ^ lambda stand for

Answer 58

is the wave length of light

Question 59

what is the NA for the scanning objective

Answer 59

0.1

Question 60

what is the NA for the low power objective

Answer 60

0.25

Question 61

what is the NA for the high power objective

Answer 61

0.65

Question 62

what is the NA for the oil immersion objective

Answer 62

1.25

Question 63

how do you measure the length of a light ray

Answer 63

it is measured between the two adjacent crests and two adjacent troughs of a wave

Question 64

what wave length is used for observation

Answer 64

blue and violet

Question 65

what is used to fix a specimen on a glass slide

Answer 65

heat or alcohol

Question 66

what type of staining procedure utilizes a single dye and allows the observation of bacterial shapes and arrangements

Answer 66

simple stain

Question 67

when creating a stained slide, what step comes after you apply and rinse off the stain, but before you look at it under the microscope?

Answer 67

blot it off with the bibulous paper

Question 68

why do we use stains to view cells?

Answer 68

because they lack contrast and it allows us to view the cell shape and arrangement

Question 69

what two basic dyes do we use most in our lab

Answer 69

methylene blue and safranin because they rinse away easier

Question 70

name the 6 I's procedure after collecting your speciment

Answer 70

``` inoculation incubation isolation inspection information gathering identification ```

Question 71

what are the two key characteristics of a good microscope

Answer 71

magnification and resolving power

Question 72

what is the name of the special lens called in the microscope that converges or focuses the rays of light to a single point on the object

Answer 72

the condenser

Question 73

the objective forms the initial image of the specimen called the

Answer 73

real image

Question 74

when the real image is projected to the plane of the eyepiece the ocular lens magnifies it to produce a second image called the

Answer 74

virtual image

Question 75

to increase visibility and to make it possible to handle microbes in an artificial environment and to begin to analyze what the sample may contain is which process?

Answer 75

inoculation

Question 76

to promote multiplication and produce the actual culture and increase in microbe numbers will provide the higher quantities needed for further testing is which process?

Answer 76

incubation

Question 77

to make additional cultures from single colonies to ensure they are pure, is what method?

Answer 77

isolation

Question 78

to analyze the characteristics of the microbes in samples

Answer 78

inspection

Question 79

to provide much specific data and generate an overall profile of the microbes

Answer 79

information gathering

Question 80

this lays the groundwork for further research into the nature of the microbes.

Answer 80

identification

Question 81

the capacity of an optical system to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another is called

Answer 81

resolving power

Question 82

what is the shortest visible wavelengths in the spectrum

Answer 82

violet-blue 400nm

Question 83

a mathematical constant derived from the physical structures of the lens

Answer 83

numerical aperture NA