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Microbiology lab > quiz 2-11-15 > Flashcards

quiz 2-11-15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is the cyanobacteria’s DNA contained

A

What is in the region of the cell called the nucleoid

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2
Q

Cyanobacteria are classified as bacteria and belong to what domain?

A

What is the Domain Bacteria

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3
Q

Cyanobacteria are classified into what Kingdom?

A

What is the Kingdom Monera

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4
Q

True or false? Cyanobacteria have a nucleus and other double membrane-bound organelles.

A

False- they are prokaryotic cells and they lack a nucleus

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5
Q

It’s where the Cyanobacteria derive their cellular energy from

A

Photosynthesis and utilization of chlorophyll a

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6
Q

They are the accessory pigments of the Cyanobacteria

A

What are phycobilins

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7
Q

Where can Cyanobacteria be found?

A

They can be found in the soil, freshwater and saltwater

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8
Q

Which bacteria are the most numerous ad varied than any other photosynthetic bacterial group?

A

What are the Cyanobacteria

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9
Q

What is the name of the toxin produced by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus?

A

What is Ciguatera toxin

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10
Q

How do Cyanobacteria help the environment?

A

they restore the nitrogen levels through the process of nitrogen fixation.

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11
Q

what is the reproductive structure of the cyanobacteria?

A

Akinete-

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12
Q

which characteristics of the Akinete distinguish it from the rest of the cells of the cyanobacteria?

A

it is 2 to 3 times larger than the average cell in the filamentous strand and has thicker walls and has a grainy appearance.

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13
Q

what is the thick walled cells of the cyanobacteria that are responsible for nitrogen fixation

A

they are known as the heterocyst

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14
Q

how much of our atmosphere is nitrogen in the form of N2?

A

78%

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15
Q

what is the name of the enzyme produced by nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria?

A

nitrogenase

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16
Q

what enzyme is inactivated by oxygen so that the thick-walled heterocysts can inhibit the diffusion of the oxygen

A

nitrogenase

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17
Q

name the 5 structures of the cyanobacteria

A
  1. the Akinete
  2. the heterocyst
  3. the trichome
  4. the sheath
  5. the phycobilin
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18
Q

what is Anabaena classified as

A

Cyanobacteria

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19
Q

what Kingdom is Algae classified

A

Plantae and some Protista

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20
Q

where can Algae be found

A

in freshwater, saltwater and in the soil.

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21
Q

how are Algae classified

A
  1. by their photosynthetic pigments
  2. forms of reproduction
  3. motility
  4. composition of their cell walls
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22
Q

True or False? All Algae contain chlorophyll b?

A

False all Algae contain chlorophyll a and may contain b,c or d

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23
Q

How do Algae move?

A

they can move by flagella, gliding motility or be non motile

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24
Q

how are Algae environmentally important?

A

they produce Oxygen as a by product of photosynthesis,

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25
Q

how are Algae economically important?

A
  1. they are the basis of food chains in their aquatic ecosystems as Plankton
  2. they are a food source for animals and people
  3. they can be used as an additive in foods and pharmalogical products
  4. Agar is a product of algae
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26
Q

what are the names of the Algae that have very distinctive elegant shells known as frustules

A

Diatomes

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27
Q

what are the names of the Algae that have very stiff, armor like wall structures called thecae?

A

Dinoflagellates

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28
Q

What is the name of the Dinoflagellate that causes ciguatera fish poisoning?

A

Gambierdiscus toxicus

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29
Q

What is the name of the Dinoflagellate that causes neurological symptoms and bloody skin lesions on fish and humans that come in contact with the fish or the contaminated water?

A

Pfiesteria piscicida

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30
Q

what is the name of the one algae that is infectious on animal tissues

A

Prototheca- a photosynthetic alga associated with skin and sub Q infections in humans and animals

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31
Q

True or false? the Ciguatera toxin can be killed when properly cooking your fish?

A

False, it cannot be destroyed by cooking and their is no antidote.

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32
Q

What type of organism is spirogyra?

A

it is a filamentous Algae

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33
Q

what type of organism is peridinium

A

it is a dinoflagellate and is motile by using a flagella.

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34
Q

what are the single cells eukaryotic organisms called that are found in freshwater or saltwater?

A

Protozoans

35
Q

How do Protozoans move?

A

they use different methods

  1. flagella
  2. cilia
  3. pseudopods
36
Q

True or False? Protozoans have complex organells for feeding, reproduction and locomotion?

A

True.

37
Q

what is the clear outer layer of the protozoa cytoplasm that is responsible for locomotion, feeding and protection called?

A

ectoplasm

38
Q

what is the granular inner region of the protozoa that houses the nucleus, mitochondria, food and contractile vacuoles of the cytoplasm called?

A

endoplasm

39
Q

what kingdom are protozoa classified in

A

Kingdom protista

40
Q

what domain are protozoa classified in

A

Domain Eukarya

41
Q

what type of movement is caused when the oxygen molecules collide with the organisms and make them move?

A

The Brownian movement

42
Q

what is the best method of viewing motility of bacteria on a thick slide with a deep well, known as

A

the hanging drop method

43
Q

how do most bacteria move?

A

they have flagella.

44
Q

what is the phenomenon called that bacteria use to move and change directions quickly?

A

run and tumble

45
Q

how many flagella do bacteria have?

A

they can have multiple or single

46
Q

what is the name of the motile feeding stage of the protozoan, that requires ample food and moisture to remain active

A

trophozoite

47
Q

what is the name of the dormant stage of the protozoan, when conditions aren’t favorable for growth and feeding

A

cyst

48
Q

what is the stage called when the trophozoite rounds itself up into a sphere, the ectoplasm secretes a thick cuticle around the cell membrane.

A

encystment

49
Q

what is the stage called when the mature cyst returns to favorable conditions and it is restored

A

excystment

50
Q

what is used during microscopy to minimize light scattering while viewing a specimen?

A

oil immersion

51
Q

what has the same refractive index as glass

A

oil immersion

52
Q

what is the focusing of as much light as possible to add to the clarity of the image

A

resolution

53
Q

why is immersion oil used?

A

to prevent the loss of light that results from refraction

54
Q

what is the measurement of how greatly a substance slows the velocity of light

A

refractive index

55
Q

what is the formula for resolving power

A

(RP= ^/2NA)

56
Q

what does RP stand for

A

resolving power

57
Q

what does the NA stand for

A

numerical aperture

58
Q

what does the ^ lambda stand for

A

is the wave length of light

59
Q

what is the NA for the scanning objective

A

0.1

60
Q

what is the NA for the low power objective

A

0.25

61
Q

what is the NA for the high power objective

A

0.65

62
Q

what is the NA for the oil immersion objective

A

1.25

63
Q

how do you measure the length of a light ray

A

it is measured between the two adjacent crests and two adjacent troughs of a wave

64
Q

what wave length is used for observation

A

blue and violet

65
Q

what is used to fix a specimen on a glass slide

A

heat or alcohol

66
Q

what type of staining procedure utilizes a single dye and allows the observation of bacterial shapes and arrangements

A

simple stain

67
Q

when creating a stained slide, what step comes after you apply and rinse off the stain, but before you look at it under the microscope?

A

blot it off with the bibulous paper

68
Q

why do we use stains to view cells?

A

because they lack contrast and it allows us to view the cell shape and arrangement

69
Q

what two basic dyes do we use most in our lab

A

methylene blue and safranin because they rinse away easier

70
Q

name the 6 I’s procedure after collecting your speciment

A 
inoculation
incubation
isolation
inspection
information gathering
identification
71
Q

what are the two key characteristics of a good microscope

A

magnification and resolving power

72
Q

what is the name of the special lens called in the microscope that converges or focuses the rays of light to a single point on the object

A

the condenser

73
Q

the objective forms the initial image of the specimen called the

A

real image

74
Q

when the real image is projected to the plane of the eyepiece the ocular lens magnifies it to produce a second image called the

A

virtual image

75
Q

to increase visibility and to make it possible to handle microbes in an artificial environment and to begin to analyze what the sample may contain is which process?

A

inoculation

76
Q

to promote multiplication and produce the actual culture and increase in microbe numbers will provide the higher quantities needed for further testing is which process?

A

incubation

77
Q

to make additional cultures from single colonies to ensure they are pure, is what method?

A

isolation

78
Q

to analyze the characteristics of the microbes in samples

A

inspection

79
Q

to provide much specific data and generate an overall profile of the microbes

A

information gathering

80
Q

this lays the groundwork for further research into the nature of the microbes.

A

identification

81
Q

the capacity of an optical system to distinguish two adjacent objects or points from one another is called

A

resolving power

82
Q

what is the shortest visible wavelengths in the spectrum

A

violet-blue 400nm

83
Q

a mathematical constant derived from the physical structures of the lens

A

numerical aperture NA

Microbiology lab (12 decks)

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