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Microbiology lab > quiz 2-25-15 > Flashcards

quiz 2-25-15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the study of how a specific infectious agent survives and spreads through a community

A

epidemiology

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2
Q

what is the actual way the infectious agent is spread?

A

Disease transmission

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3
Q

what is the entrance way through which a specific microbe is able to invade a host

A

portal of entry

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4
Q

what are the 2 most common portals of entry

A

respiratory tract and GI tract

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5
Q

person to person form of transferring microbes is known as

A

direct transmission

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6
Q

any object living or non-living that allows a microbe to grow , reproduce and maintain its ability to remain infective is

A

reservoir of infection

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7
Q

a non-living object capable o allowing a microbe to survive but not reproduce is known as a

A

fomite

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8
Q

an inanimate object that can serve as vehicle for the spread of disease

A

fomite

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9
Q

what can control fomite transmission?

A

hand washing

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10
Q

what is the single most important method of controlling microbes in a clinical setting

A

hand washing

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10
Q

what is the goal of isolating bacteria?

A

to obtain a pure culture

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11
Q

what are pure cultures used forq

A 
to carry out biochemical testing
to determine abt sensitivity
to develop vaccines
determining the nutritional requirements
study organisms that cause disease
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12
Q

agar is a substance derived from

A

seaweed

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13
Q

agar melts at what degrees

A

100 degrees C

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14
Q

agar solidifies at

A

42 degrees C

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15
Q

agar remains liquid at

A

45 degrees C

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16
Q

what is the solid surface to grow isolated colonies of bacteria

A

agar

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17
Q

what is a colony

A

a clump of bacteria growing on a solid surface

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18
Q

true or false

every cell in the colony is genetically identical

A

true

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19
Q

what are the usual temperatures used in a laboratory propagation?

A

it falls between 20C and 40C

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20
Q

a container of medium, that grows only a single known species or type of microorganism is called

A

a pure culture

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21
Q

what is frequently used to allow the precise examination and control of one microorganism by itself

A

a pure culture ( axenis )

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22
Q

a water based solution that do not solidify at temperatures above freezing and that tend to flow freely when the container is tilted is what kind of media

A

liquid media that comes in broth, milk or infusion.

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23
Q

what form of media exhibits a clot like consistency, used to determine the motility of bacteria

A

semi-solid media

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24
Q

what type of media provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies and are advantages for isolating and culturing bacteria and fungi

A

solid media

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25
Q

what type of media can viruses grow

A

none. viruses can only be cultivated in live host cells not media

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26
Q

what are the two types of solid media

A

liquefiable solid media and non-liquefiable solid media

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27
Q

name a general purpose media type

A

tryptic soy
tryptic soy broth
brain heart infusion

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28
Q

what are bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients are termed

A

fastidious

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29
Q

how is media made

A

powder is mixed with distilled water, the media liquid is dispensed into tubes or bottles and its then autoclaved to be sterilized

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30
Q

an autoclave reaches what tempurature

A

121 degrees C

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31
Q

an autoclave reaches what PSI

A

15 pounds of PSI

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32
Q

how long is media placed in the autoclave?

A

20 minutes kills all bacteria, fungi, spores and viruses

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33
Q

what machine is use that holds a constant temperature to grow bacterial cultures

A

incubator

34
Q

a device used to sterilize inoculating tools

A

incinerator

35
Q

tools used to transfer bacteria from a culture to a sterile media are called

A

inoculating loop or inoculating needle

36
Q

what technique is used when handling bacteria

A

aseptic technique

37
Q

what are the steps to performing aseptic technique when transferring the bacteria to your media in a tube

A 
flame the loop
remove the caps
flame the tubes
move the bacteria with the instrument
flame the tubes
replace the caps
flame the loop
38
Q

when do you flame the inoculating tools in the incinerator

A

at the start and end of every transfer

39
Q

when do you flame the tubes

A

before and after every transfer

40
Q

what is the goal of the streak plate

A

to isolate and thin out the number of bacteria on a plate to get isolated colonies

41
Q

are members of a colony on a streak plate genetically identical

A

yes. they all arouse from a single bacterial cell

42
Q

what is the method of handling microbes and materials in a way that minimizes contamination

A

aseptic technique

43
Q

the process of transferring a microbe from one media to the next

A

inoculation

44
Q

the sample being transferred

A

inoculum

45
Q

what tool is used to transfer an inoculum

A

inoculating loop

46
Q

what instrument is used for techniques that require stabbing into the agar

A

inoculating needle

47
Q

what metal alloy that heats up very quickly, is used to make the inoculating loop and needle

A

Nichrome

48
Q

how do you sterilize the inoculating instruments in the lab

A

using a bunsen burner or micro incinerator

49
Q

where do you store the inoculating loop while not in use

A

the test tube rack

50
Q

to cool the loop after sterilization what should you not do

A

wave the loop to cool it
blow on the loop
touch the loop to see if its hot
place the loop on the bench top

51
Q

when you remove the caps from the test tubes what fingers do you use

A

pinky and ring finger of the hand that holds the inoculating loop

52
Q

how long do you flame the tubes in the incinerator

A

5 seconds

53
Q

when opening the lid of the agar plate how do you hold the lid

A

at a 45 degree angle to minimize the air born bacteria from entering

54
Q

before using your media what do you look for

A

contamination

55
Q

contamination of a broth media that looks uniformly cloudy is called

A

turbidity

56
Q

flecks or chunks of bacterial growth scattered throughout the tube is known as

A

flocculent

57
Q

growth that settled onto the bottom is known as

A

sediment

58
Q

film of bacteria covering the surface of the media is what kind of contamination

A

pellicle

59
Q

growth contamination found on media is known as

A

a ring

60
Q

widely used method to separate individual bacteria from mixtures is called an

A

isolation streak plate

61
Q

what technique is used to isolate individual bacteria from the mixture as a result of having fewer and fewer bacteria as you continue around the surface of the streak plate is known as

A

streaking pattern

62
Q

a single bacteria that is coming off of the surface of the streak plate is known as

A

isolated colonies

63
Q

this arises from a single bacterium that divides repeatedly over time to form a mass of millions of cells

A

colony

64
Q

what is the technique called that is used to inoculate the streak plate

A

quadrant technique

65
Q

1 in every ______ bacteria can cause disease?

A

50,000

66
Q

pathogens that may have been acquired from another person or may have already been in or on that individual

A

opportunistic pathogens

67
Q

microbes that are on the skin, that are harmless and some are beneficail, and are difficult to remove are known as what?

A

normal biota

68
Q

these are found on the skin for short periods of time but do not grow there, they are acquired by contact with contaminated surfaces and are usually easily removed, some can cause disease, and are easily transferred from person to person

A

transient organsims

69
Q

during the gram staining procedure, this type of bacteria stains purple

A

gram +

70
Q

during the gram staining procedure this type of bacteria are stained red

A

Gram - bacteria

71
Q

what color are acid fast bacteria after the acid fast stain

A

pink

72
Q

what color are the non acid fast bacteria after the acid fast stain

A

blue

73
Q

what is the staining procedure called that is similar to the acid fast stain but it uses heat to force the dye into the resistant cells

A

endospore stain

74
Q

this stain is designed to distinguish between spores and a vegetative cells that make them

A

endospore stain

75
Q

what stain is used to emphasize special cell parts such as capsules, endospores, and flagella that are not revealed by conventional staining methods

A

structural stain

76
Q

what is the best practice that can limit the transmission of pathogens from one human to another

A

handwashing

77
Q

to be most effective hand washing should include what 3 components

A

soap/detergent
friction
antiseptic

78
Q

what is the name of the process in which soap is produced

A

saponification- this involves treating a fat with an alkali (base) in the presence of heat.

79
Q

what emulsifies skin oils in which bacteria is trapped in the deep dermal ridges of the hands, lifts microbes from dermal ridges, bursts and kills cells

A

soap / detergent

80
Q

what can disrupt the lipid protion of the cell membrane

A

a surfactant

81
Q

what physically removes the emulsified skin oil with the trapped bacteria

A

friction

82
Q

a chemical that kills microbes without damaging the skin is known as

A

an antiseptic

83
Q

when washing your hands with soap or detergents, what microorganisms are removed

A

transient microorganisms are removed but your normal biota is usually not completely removed.

Microbiology lab (12 decks)

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