quiz 2-25-15

Question 1

what is the study of how a specific infectious agent survives and spreads through a community

Answer 1

epidemiology

Question 2

what is the actual way the infectious agent is spread?

Answer 2

Disease transmission

Question 3

what is the entrance way through which a specific microbe is able to invade a host

Answer 3

portal of entry

Question 4

what are the 2 most common portals of entry

Answer 4

respiratory tract and GI tract

Question 5

person to person form of transferring microbes is known as

Answer 5

direct transmission

Question 6

any object living or non-living that allows a microbe to grow , reproduce and maintain its ability to remain infective is

Answer 6

reservoir of infection

Question 7

a non-living object capable o allowing a microbe to survive but not reproduce is known as a

Answer 7

fomite

Question 8

an inanimate object that can serve as vehicle for the spread of disease

Answer 8

fomite

Question 9

what can control fomite transmission?

Answer 9

hand washing

Question 10

what is the single most important method of controlling microbes in a clinical setting

Answer 10

hand washing

Question 10

what is the goal of isolating bacteria?

Answer 10

to obtain a pure culture

Question 11

what are pure cultures used forq

Answer 11

to carry out biochemical testing
to determine abt sensitivity
to develop vaccines
determining the nutritional requirements
study organisms that cause disease

Question 12

agar is a substance derived from

Answer 12

seaweed

Question 13

agar melts at what degrees

Answer 13

100 degrees C

Question 14

agar solidifies at

Answer 14

42 degrees C

Question 15

agar remains liquid at

Answer 15

45 degrees C

Question 16

what is the solid surface to grow isolated colonies of bacteria

Answer 16

agar

Question 17

what is a colony

Answer 17

a clump of bacteria growing on a solid surface

Question 18

true or false

every cell in the colony is genetically identical

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what are the usual temperatures used in a laboratory propagation?

Answer 19

it falls between 20C and 40C

Question 20

a container of medium, that grows only a single known species or type of microorganism is called

Answer 20

a pure culture

Question 21

what is frequently used to allow the precise examination and control of one microorganism by itself

Answer 21

a pure culture ( axenis )

Question 22

a water based solution that do not solidify at temperatures above freezing and that tend to flow freely when the container is tilted is what kind of media

Answer 22

liquid media that comes in broth, milk or infusion.

Question 23

what form of media exhibits a clot like consistency, used to determine the motility of bacteria

Answer 23

semi-solid media

Question 24

what type of media provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies and are advantages for isolating and culturing bacteria and fungi

Answer 24

solid media

Question 25

what type of media can viruses grow

Answer 25

none. viruses can only be cultivated in live host cells not media

Question 26

what are the two types of solid media

Answer 26

liquefiable solid media and non-liquefiable solid media

Question 27

name a general purpose media type

Answer 27

tryptic soy tryptic soy broth brain heart infusion

Question 28

what are bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients are termed

Answer 28

fastidious

Question 29

how is media made

Answer 29

powder is mixed with distilled water, the media liquid is dispensed into tubes or bottles and its then autoclaved to be sterilized

Question 30

an autoclave reaches what tempurature

Answer 30

121 degrees C

Question 31

an autoclave reaches what PSI

Answer 31

15 pounds of PSI

Question 32

how long is media placed in the autoclave?

Answer 32

20 minutes kills all bacteria, fungi, spores and viruses

Question 33

what machine is use that holds a constant temperature to grow bacterial cultures

Answer 33

incubator

Question 34

a device used to sterilize inoculating tools

Answer 34

incinerator

Question 35

tools used to transfer bacteria from a culture to a sterile media are called

Answer 35

inoculating loop or inoculating needle

Question 36

what technique is used when handling bacteria

Answer 36

aseptic technique

Question 37

what are the steps to performing aseptic technique when transferring the bacteria to your media in a tube

Answer 37

``` flame the loop remove the caps flame the tubes move the bacteria with the instrument flame the tubes replace the caps flame the loop ```

Question 38

when do you flame the inoculating tools in the incinerator

Answer 38

at the start and end of every transfer

Question 39

when do you flame the tubes

Answer 39

before and after every transfer

Question 40

what is the goal of the streak plate

Answer 40

to isolate and thin out the number of bacteria on a plate to get isolated colonies

Question 41

are members of a colony on a streak plate genetically identical

Answer 41

yes. they all arouse from a single bacterial cell

Question 42

what is the method of handling microbes and materials in a way that minimizes contamination

Answer 42

aseptic technique

Question 43

the process of transferring a microbe from one media to the next

Answer 43

inoculation

Question 44

the sample being transferred

Answer 44

inoculum

Question 45

what tool is used to transfer an inoculum

Answer 45

inoculating loop

Question 46

what instrument is used for techniques that require stabbing into the agar

Answer 46

inoculating needle

Question 47

what metal alloy that heats up very quickly, is used to make the inoculating loop and needle

Answer 47

Nichrome

Question 48

how do you sterilize the inoculating instruments in the lab

Answer 48

using a bunsen burner or micro incinerator

Question 49

where do you store the inoculating loop while not in use

Answer 49

the test tube rack

Question 50

to cool the loop after sterilization what should you not do

Answer 50

wave the loop to cool it blow on the loop touch the loop to see if its hot place the loop on the bench top

Question 51

when you remove the caps from the test tubes what fingers do you use

Answer 51

pinky and ring finger of the hand that holds the inoculating loop

Question 52

how long do you flame the tubes in the incinerator

Answer 52

5 seconds

Question 53

when opening the lid of the agar plate how do you hold the lid

Answer 53

at a 45 degree angle to minimize the air born bacteria from entering

Question 54

before using your media what do you look for

Answer 54

contamination

Question 55

contamination of a broth media that looks uniformly cloudy is called

Answer 55

turbidity

Question 56

flecks or chunks of bacterial growth scattered throughout the tube is known as

Answer 56

flocculent

Question 57

growth that settled onto the bottom is known as

Answer 57

sediment

Question 58

film of bacteria covering the surface of the media is what kind of contamination

Answer 58

pellicle

Question 59

growth contamination found on media is known as

Answer 59

a ring

Question 60

widely used method to separate individual bacteria from mixtures is called an

Answer 60

isolation streak plate

Question 61

what technique is used to isolate individual bacteria from the mixture as a result of having fewer and fewer bacteria as you continue around the surface of the streak plate is known as

Answer 61

streaking pattern

Question 62

a single bacteria that is coming off of the surface of the streak plate is known as

Answer 62

isolated colonies

Question 63

this arises from a single bacterium that divides repeatedly over time to form a mass of millions of cells

Answer 63

colony

Question 64

what is the technique called that is used to inoculate the streak plate

Answer 64

quadrant technique

Question 65

1 in every ______ bacteria can cause disease?

Answer 65

50,000

Question 66

pathogens that may have been acquired from another person or may have already been in or on that individual

Answer 66

opportunistic pathogens

Question 67

microbes that are on the skin, that are harmless and some are beneficail, and are difficult to remove are known as what?

Answer 67

normal biota

Question 68

these are found on the skin for short periods of time but do not grow there, they are acquired by contact with contaminated surfaces and are usually easily removed, some can cause disease, and are easily transferred from person to person

Answer 68

transient organsims

Question 69

during the gram staining procedure, this type of bacteria stains purple

Answer 69

gram +

Question 70

during the gram staining procedure this type of bacteria are stained red

Answer 70

Gram - bacteria

Question 71

what color are acid fast bacteria after the acid fast stain

Answer 71

pink

Question 72

what color are the non acid fast bacteria after the acid fast stain

Answer 72

blue

Question 73

what is the staining procedure called that is similar to the acid fast stain but it uses heat to force the dye into the resistant cells

Answer 73

endospore stain

Question 74

this stain is designed to distinguish between spores and a vegetative cells that make them

Answer 74

endospore stain

Question 75

what stain is used to emphasize special cell parts such as capsules, endospores, and flagella that are not revealed by conventional staining methods

Answer 75

structural stain

Question 76

what is the best practice that can limit the transmission of pathogens from one human to another

Answer 76

handwashing

Question 77

to be most effective hand washing should include what 3 components

Answer 77

soap/detergent friction antiseptic

Question 78

what is the name of the process in which soap is produced

Answer 78

saponification- this involves treating a fat with an alkali (base) in the presence of heat.

Question 79

what emulsifies skin oils in which bacteria is trapped in the deep dermal ridges of the hands, lifts microbes from dermal ridges, bursts and kills cells

Answer 79

soap / detergent

Question 80

what can disrupt the lipid protion of the cell membrane

Answer 80

a surfactant

Question 81

what physically removes the emulsified skin oil with the trapped bacteria

Answer 81

friction

Question 82

a chemical that kills microbes without damaging the skin is known as

Answer 82

an antiseptic

Question 83

when washing your hands with soap or detergents, what microorganisms are removed

Answer 83

transient microorganisms are removed but your normal biota is usually not completely removed.