parasites Flashcards
what is the form of motility for Plasmodium species
none they are apicomplexa
what is the mode of transmission for the Plasmodium species
the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito
what is the infective stage of the Plasmodium species
the sporozoite- which is transferred from the Anopheles mosquito during her blood meal
what is the definitive host for the Plasmodium species
the Anopheles mosquito is the biological vector
what is the intermediate host for the Plasmodium species
a human
what is the disease caused by Plasmodium
Malaria- it affects over 200 million new cases a year
what is the disease caused by Plasmodium
Malaria- it affects over 200 million new cases a year
what does the sporozoite infect in the human
it infects the human liver cells
what does the sporozoite mature into?
they mature into schizonts
when the schizonts rupture and are released what are they called
they are now called merozoites
once released as the parasites can undergo asexual multiplication in what area of the human host
in the erythrocytes, this is called the erythrocytic cycle
what is the ring-stage of the parasite called
a trophozoite
when the trophozoite matures it becomes what?
a schizonts and then ruptures and releases merozoites and repeats
if the schizonts when rupturing, enter a sexual erythrocytic cycle what do they produce
male and female gametocytes
how are the male and female gametocytes reintroduced to the female Anopheles mosquito
when she takes a blood meal from the human host
after the gametocytes enter the Anopheles mosquito they multiply in the stomach and generate what
zygotes are then created
when the zygote becomes motile in the Anopheles mosquitos stomach it enters what stage
ookinetes
the ookinetes invade the midgut of the Anopheles mosquito where they develop into what
oocysts
when the oocysts grow, rupture what is then released
sporozoite
where do the sporozoite migrate to in the female Anopheles mosquito
the salivary glands, awaiting the mosquito to take a blood meal and infect the new human host
what is the motility of Toxoplasma gondi
non motile , they are apicomplexa
what is the mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondi
ingestion of the cyst, it is ingested by a pregnant women and transferred to the fetus
what is the infection stage of Toxoplasma gondi
the oocyst
what is the infection stage of Toxoplasma gondi
the oocyst
what is the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondi
a feline
what is the intermediate host for Toxoplasma gondi
a rodent, a bird, a human
what is the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondi
toxoplasmosis- 25% of the US population is infected
what is the motility of Cryptosporidium parvum
non motile, its apicomplexa
what is the mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium parvum
fecal/oral route, it is ingested
what is the infective stage of Cryptosporidium parvum
oocyst is the infective stage
what is the host of Cryptosporidium parvum
a human or other animals are the host
what is the disease caused by Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidiosis
what type of test is used to identify Cryptosporidium parvum
an acid fast stain
Kenyan acid fast stain
what is the motility of Leishmania donovani
flagella are used to move
what is the mode of transmission for Leishmania donovani
a bite from a sand fly
what is the infective stage of Leishmania donovani
promastigote
what is the definitive host for Leishmania donovani
the human
what is the intermediate host for Leishmania donovani
the sand fly
what disease is caused by Leishmania donovani
Kala azar (visceral Leishmaniasis) cutaneous Leishmaniasis
what is the motility of Trypanosoma species (brucei or cruzi )
flagella
what is the mode of transmission for Trypanosoma brucei
the tsetse fly
what is the infective stage for Trypanosoma brucei
trypomastigote
what is the infective stage for Trypanosoma brucei
trypomastigote
what is the definitive host for Trypanosoma brucei
human
what is the intermediate host for Trypanosoma brucei
tsetse fly
what is the disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei
African sleeping sickness
what is the mode of transmission for Trypanosoma cruzi
bite from the kissing bug
what is the infective stage of the Trypanosoma cruzi
trypomastigote
what is the definitive host of the Trypanosoma cruzi
human
what is the intermediate host of the Trypanosoma cruzi
the kissing bug
what is the disease caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease ( South America and Texas)
what is the motility of Trichomonas vaginalis
flagella
what is the mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis
sexual intercourse
what is the infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis
trophozoite (there is no cyst stage)
what is the host for Trichomonas vaginalis
humans
what is the disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
sexually transmitted disease
what is the motility of Giardia lamblia
flagella
what is the mode of transmission for Giardia lamblia
fecal oral route, ingestion of the cyst
what is the infective stage of Giardia lamblia
cyst
what is the host for Giardia lamblia
humans and other animals
what is the disease caused by Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis
what is the motility of Balantidium coli
cilia
what is the mode of transmission for Balantidium coli
fecal/oral route, ingestion of the cyst
what is the infective stage of Balantidium coli
the cyst stage
what is the host for Balantidium coli
humans and other animals
what is the disease caused by Balantidium coli
Balantidiasis
what is the motility of Entamoeba histolytica
pseudopods
what is the mode of transmission for Entamoeba histolytica
fecal/ oral route, ingestion of the cyst
what is the infective stage for Entamoeba histolytica
cyst stage
what is the host for Entamoeba histolytica
human host
what is the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica
Amebiasis
what characters does the Entamoeba histolytica have that separates it from Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba:
it appears with ingested RBC’s, the nucleus is to the side, always pink and on a fecal slide
what is the motility of Naegleria fowleri
pseudopods
what is the mode of transmission for Naegleria fowleri
trophozoite in water, it enters the nose
what is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri
trophozoite
what is the host for Naegleria fowleri
human
what is the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri
amebic meningoencephalitis ( Brain eating amoeba)
what characters does Naegleria fowleri that separates it from Entamoeba histolytica and Acanthamoeba
it has a bulls-eye nucleus and has pseudopods
what is the motility of Acanthamoeba
pseudopods
what is the mode of transmission of Acanthamoeba
contact with the amoeba in the soil or water
what is the infective stage of the Acanthamoeba
the cyst and trophozoite stage
what is the host for the Acanthamoeba
human
what is the infection stage of Toxoplasma gondi
the oocyst, it is inhaled and attacks the brain tissue of the fetus, it could be found in undercooked meats or contaminated foods
what is the intermediate host for Toxoplasma gondi
a rodent, a bird, a human,
what is the mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium parvum
fecal/oral route, it is ingested, found in the water at parks, pools and city water supplies
what is the infective stage of Cryptosporidium parvum
oocyst is the infective stage, opportunistic in immune compromised people
what is the disease caused by Cryptosporidium parvum
Cryptosporidiosis ( must use a water filter to filter these parasites out of the drinking water)
what is the motility of Leishmania donovani
flagella are used to move ( no undulating membrane)
what is the definitive host for Leishmania donovani
the human
dogs and rodents are the reservoir hosts
what disease is caused by Leishmania donovani
Kala azar (visceral Leishmaniasis)
cutaneous Leishmaniasis
liver and spleen, causes anemia and death
what is the motility of Trypanosoma species (brucei or cruzi )
flagella ( has an undulating membrane)
what is the motility of Giardia lamblia
flagella (multiple) and has two nuclei that look like its looking at you
what is the disease caused by Giardia lamblia
Giardiasis (intestinal duodonalis) intermittent diarrhea for months
what is the motility of Balantidium coli
very large, protozoan that moves by cilia
what is the infective stage of Balantidium coli
the cyst stage- 40-70um kidney shaped nucleus
what is the host for Balantidium coli
humans and other animals( raised pigs)
what is the disease caused by Balantidium coli
Balantidiasis ( painful bloody diarrhea, dysentery)
what is the infective stage for Entamoeba histolytica
cyst stage, once ingested it comes out of its protective stage and enters the trophozoite stage
what is the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica
Amebiasis (bloody painful diarrhea)
what is the motility of Naegleria fowleri
bi-flagellated, pseudopods
what is the mode of transmission for Naegleria fowleri
trophozoite in water, it enters the nose, follows the olfactory epithelial tissue and enters the brain
what is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri
bi-flagellated trophozoite
what is the mode of transmission of Acanthamoeba
contact with the amoeba in the soil or water ( fresh, swimming pools and hot tubs) homemade saline eye washes
what is the host for the Acanthamoeba
human
what is the disease caused by Acanthamoeba
Keratitis- eye infection or Amebic encephalitis
what is the characteristics of Acanthamoeba that differentiates it from Naegleria fowleri and Entamoeba histolytica
it does not ingest RBC’s , is much larger under the microscope
what is the most common US parasite
Giardia lamblia
