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Microbiology lab > parasites > Flashcards

parasites Flashcards

1
Q

what is the form of motility for Plasmodium species

A

none they are apicomplexa

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2
Q

what is the mode of transmission for the Plasmodium species

A

the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito

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3
Q

what is the infective stage of the Plasmodium species

A

the sporozoite- which is transferred from the Anopheles mosquito during her blood meal

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4
Q

what is the definitive host for the Plasmodium species

A

the Anopheles mosquito is the biological vector

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5
Q

what is the intermediate host for the Plasmodium species

A

a human

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6
Q

what is the disease caused by Plasmodium

A

Malaria- it affects over 200 million new cases a year

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7
Q

what is the disease caused by Plasmodium

A

Malaria- it affects over 200 million new cases a year

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8
Q

what does the sporozoite infect in the human

A

it infects the human liver cells

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9
Q

what does the sporozoite mature into?

A

they mature into schizonts

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10
Q

when the schizonts rupture and are released what are they called

A

they are now called merozoites

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11
Q

once released as the parasites can undergo asexual multiplication in what area of the human host

A

in the erythrocytes, this is called the erythrocytic cycle

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12
Q

what is the ring-stage of the parasite called

A

a trophozoite

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13
Q

when the trophozoite matures it becomes what?

A

a schizonts and then ruptures and releases merozoites and repeats

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14
Q

if the schizonts when rupturing, enter a sexual erythrocytic cycle what do they produce

A

male and female gametocytes

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15
Q

how are the male and female gametocytes reintroduced to the female Anopheles mosquito

A

when she takes a blood meal from the human host

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16
Q

after the gametocytes enter the Anopheles mosquito they multiply in the stomach and generate what

A

zygotes are then created

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17
Q

when the zygote becomes motile in the Anopheles mosquitos stomach it enters what stage

A

ookinetes

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18
Q

the ookinetes invade the midgut of the Anopheles mosquito where they develop into what

A

oocysts

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19
Q

when the oocysts grow, rupture what is then released

A

sporozoite

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20
Q

where do the sporozoite migrate to in the female Anopheles mosquito

A

the salivary glands, awaiting the mosquito to take a blood meal and infect the new human host

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21
Q

what is the motility of Toxoplasma gondi

A

non motile , they are apicomplexa

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22
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Toxoplasma gondi

A

ingestion of the cyst, it is ingested by a pregnant women and transferred to the fetus

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23
Q

what is the infection stage of Toxoplasma gondi

A

the oocyst

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24
Q

what is the infection stage of Toxoplasma gondi

A

the oocyst

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25
Q

what is the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondi

A

a feline

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26
Q

what is the intermediate host for Toxoplasma gondi

A

a rodent, a bird, a human

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27
Q

what is the disease caused by Toxoplasma gondi

A

toxoplasmosis- 25% of the US population is infected

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28
Q

what is the motility of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

non motile, its apicomplexa

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29
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium parvum

A

fecal/oral route, it is ingested

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30
Q

what is the infective stage of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

oocyst is the infective stage

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31
Q

what is the host of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

a human or other animals are the host

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32
Q

what is the disease caused by Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Cryptosporidiosis

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33
Q

what type of test is used to identify Cryptosporidium parvum

A

an acid fast stain

Kenyan acid fast stain

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34
Q

what is the motility of Leishmania donovani

A

flagella are used to move

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35
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Leishmania donovani

A

a bite from a sand fly

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36
Q

what is the infective stage of Leishmania donovani

A

promastigote

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37
Q

what is the definitive host for Leishmania donovani

A

the human

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38
Q

what is the intermediate host for Leishmania donovani

A

the sand fly

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39
Q

what disease is caused by Leishmania donovani

A 
Kala azar (visceral Leishmaniasis)
cutaneous Leishmaniasis
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40
Q

what is the motility of Trypanosoma species (brucei or cruzi )

A

flagella

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41
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Trypanosoma brucei

A

the tsetse fly

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42
Q

what is the infective stage for Trypanosoma brucei

A

trypomastigote

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43
Q

what is the infective stage for Trypanosoma brucei

A

trypomastigote

44
Q

what is the definitive host for Trypanosoma brucei

A

human

45
Q

what is the intermediate host for Trypanosoma brucei

A

tsetse fly

46
Q

what is the disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei

A

African sleeping sickness

47
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Trypanosoma cruzi

A

bite from the kissing bug

48
Q

what is the infective stage of the Trypanosoma cruzi

A

trypomastigote

49
Q

what is the definitive host of the Trypanosoma cruzi

A

human

50
Q

what is the intermediate host of the Trypanosoma cruzi

A

the kissing bug

51
Q

what is the disease caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Chagas disease ( South America and Texas)

52
Q

what is the motility of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

flagella

53
Q

what is the mode of transmission of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

sexual intercourse

54
Q

what is the infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis

A

trophozoite (there is no cyst stage)

55
Q

what is the host for Trichomonas vaginalis

A

humans

56
Q

what is the disease caused by Trichomonas vaginalis

A

sexually transmitted disease

57
Q

what is the motility of Giardia lamblia

A

flagella

58
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Giardia lamblia

A

fecal oral route, ingestion of the cyst

59
Q

what is the infective stage of Giardia lamblia

A

cyst

60
Q

what is the host for Giardia lamblia

A

humans and other animals

61
Q

what is the disease caused by Giardia lamblia

A

Giardiasis

62
Q

what is the motility of Balantidium coli

A

cilia

63
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Balantidium coli

A

fecal/oral route, ingestion of the cyst

64
Q

what is the infective stage of Balantidium coli

A

the cyst stage

65
Q

what is the host for Balantidium coli

A

humans and other animals

66
Q

what is the disease caused by Balantidium coli

A

Balantidiasis

67
Q

what is the motility of Entamoeba histolytica

A

pseudopods

68
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Entamoeba histolytica

A

fecal/ oral route, ingestion of the cyst

69
Q

what is the infective stage for Entamoeba histolytica

A

cyst stage

70
Q

what is the host for Entamoeba histolytica

A

human host

71
Q

what is the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica

A

Amebiasis

72
Q

what characters does the Entamoeba histolytica have that separates it from Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba:

A

it appears with ingested RBC’s, the nucleus is to the side, always pink and on a fecal slide

73
Q

what is the motility of Naegleria fowleri

A

pseudopods

74
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Naegleria fowleri

A

trophozoite in water, it enters the nose

75
Q

what is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri

A

trophozoite

76
Q

what is the host for Naegleria fowleri

A

human

77
Q

what is the disease caused by Naegleria fowleri

A

amebic meningoencephalitis ( Brain eating amoeba)

78
Q

what characters does Naegleria fowleri that separates it from Entamoeba histolytica and Acanthamoeba

A

it has a bulls-eye nucleus and has pseudopods

79
Q

what is the motility of Acanthamoeba

A

pseudopods

80
Q

what is the mode of transmission of Acanthamoeba

A

contact with the amoeba in the soil or water

81
Q

what is the infective stage of the Acanthamoeba

A

the cyst and trophozoite stage

82
Q

what is the host for the Acanthamoeba

A

human

83
Q

what is the infection stage of Toxoplasma gondi

A

the oocyst, it is inhaled and attacks the brain tissue of the fetus, it could be found in undercooked meats or contaminated foods

84
Q

what is the intermediate host for Toxoplasma gondi

A

a rodent, a bird, a human,

85
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Cryptosporidium parvum

A

fecal/oral route, it is ingested, found in the water at parks, pools and city water supplies

86
Q

what is the infective stage of Cryptosporidium parvum

A

oocyst is the infective stage, opportunistic in immune compromised people

87
Q

what is the disease caused by Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Cryptosporidiosis ( must use a water filter to filter these parasites out of the drinking water)

88
Q

what is the motility of Leishmania donovani

A

flagella are used to move ( no undulating membrane)

89
Q

what is the definitive host for Leishmania donovani

A

the human

dogs and rodents are the reservoir hosts

90
Q

what disease is caused by Leishmania donovani

A

Kala azar (visceral Leishmaniasis)
cutaneous Leishmaniasis
liver and spleen, causes anemia and death

91
Q

what is the motility of Trypanosoma species (brucei or cruzi )

A

flagella ( has an undulating membrane)

92
Q

what is the motility of Giardia lamblia

A

flagella (multiple) and has two nuclei that look like its looking at you

93
Q

what is the disease caused by Giardia lamblia

A

Giardiasis (intestinal duodonalis) intermittent diarrhea for months

94
Q

what is the motility of Balantidium coli

A

very large, protozoan that moves by cilia

95
Q

what is the infective stage of Balantidium coli

A

the cyst stage- 40-70um kidney shaped nucleus

96
Q

what is the host for Balantidium coli

A

humans and other animals( raised pigs)

97
Q

what is the disease caused by Balantidium coli

A

Balantidiasis ( painful bloody diarrhea, dysentery)

98
Q

what is the infective stage for Entamoeba histolytica

A

cyst stage, once ingested it comes out of its protective stage and enters the trophozoite stage

99
Q

what is the disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica

A

Amebiasis (bloody painful diarrhea)

100
Q

what is the motility of Naegleria fowleri

A

bi-flagellated, pseudopods

101
Q

what is the mode of transmission for Naegleria fowleri

A

trophozoite in water, it enters the nose, follows the olfactory epithelial tissue and enters the brain

102
Q

what is the infective stage of Naegleria fowleri

A

bi-flagellated trophozoite

103
Q

what is the mode of transmission of Acanthamoeba

A

contact with the amoeba in the soil or water ( fresh, swimming pools and hot tubs) homemade saline eye washes

104
Q

what is the host for the Acanthamoeba

A

human

105
Q

what is the disease caused by Acanthamoeba

A

Keratitis- eye infection or Amebic encephalitis

106
Q

what is the characteristics of Acanthamoeba that differentiates it from Naegleria fowleri and Entamoeba histolytica

A

it does not ingest RBC’s , is much larger under the microscope

107
Q

what is the most common US parasite

A

Giardia lamblia

Microbiology lab (12 decks)

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