quiz 2-18-14 Flashcards
what is the scientific name for the yeast causative agent, that causes thrush?
Candida albicans
what is the genius name for the fungus responsible for athlete’s foot and ring worm?
Tinea
name a beneficial product of funguses
cheese, bread, alcoholic beverages, antibiotics
how are fungi agriculturally important?
they control nematodes and have a symbiotic relationship with plants
how are fungi environmentally important?
they are decomposers and have the ability to degrade and recycle complex organic molecules that would other wise never breakdown
what type of cells are fungi?
Eukaryotic cells
fungi that can exist in two forms, either molds or yeasts are known as what?
dimorphism
what type of fungus are single cells?
yeasts
what type of fungus is multicellular?
molds
what is the filamentous strands called
hypha (singular) hyphae (plural)
what are fungus cell walls made of?
chitin
how are hyphae classified?
they are classified by either having cell walls ( septate) or not having cell walls (aseptate)
can fungi perform photosynthesis?
no they are not plants
where do fungi obtain their nutrients?
the obtain them from their environment. they secrete digestive enzymes into their surroundings
how do fungi reproduce?
sexually and asexually
how are zygospores formed?
when a haploid gamete of a + strand fuses with a haploid gamete of a - strand.
what is the asexual reproductive hyphae of the Zygomycota called?
sporangiophores
what is the fruiting body at the tip of the sporangiophore called?
sporangium
what is the sexual spore of the Zygomycota called?
zygospore
what is the asexual hyphae of the ascomycetes called?
conidiophore
what is the asexual spore of the ascomycetes called?
conidiospores
how do yeast reproduce?
asexually by budding
what is the long strands on the budding yeast cells called
pseudohyphae. the + and - pseudohyphae unite to form an ascus
how does the spores in the ascus get released?
the mature and ruptures to release its offspring
why is the simple stain used to view bacteria?
it is useful for observing morphology or shape, the size and arrangement of the cells
why is a wet mount used?
to view microorganisms as near to their natural state as possible
what is an advantage to using a wet mount?
quick and easy to make
what is a disadvantage to using a wet mount?
- the cover glass can damage larger cells,
- the slide is very susceptible to drying
- can contaminate the handler’s fingers.
which method of slide preparation uses a concave slide?
hanging drop method
what is a more permanent mount for long-term study
fixed stain smears
what type of dye has a positive charge
basic dyes ( cationic dyes)
what type of dye has a negative charge
acidic dyes ( anionic dyes)
which stain sticks to the cells and gives them color?
the positive stain
which stain does not stick to the cells and dries its outer boundary, forming a silhouette?
the negative stain
what is the advantages of a negative stain?
it is simple, reduces shrinkage or distortion of the cells and is not heat fixed
what is the staining process called when you are using two different colored dyes?
differential stain
what are the two stains called in a differential stain?
the primary dye and the counterstain
what color does the gram + cells become after a Gram staining?
purple
what color does the gram - cells become after a Gram staining?
red
what color does the acid-fast bacteria become after an acid fast stain?
pink
what color does the non-acid fast bacteria become after an acid fast stain?
blue
what is the stain designed to distinguish between spores and a vegetative cells that make them
and endospore stain
what is an orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history?
classification
what it the system of assigning names to the various taxonomic rankings of each microbial species
nomenclature
what is the process of determining and recording the traits of organisms in order to trace their exact identity and placement in taxonomy?
identification
the main taxa or groups in a classification scheme are organized into several descending ranks called?
a hierarchy
the scientific name also known as the?
specific epithet
what type of fungi are classified as those that consume dead and decomposing organic material?
saprobe
what type of fungi are classified as those that live off of living organisms?
parasite
what is the most common sexual spores
zygospores, ascospores, and basidiospores
what are the two subtypes of asexual spores?
sporangiospores and conidia
