Quiz 4 Flashcards
Define cell specialization, simple versus stratified, and sense organs.
Cell specialization: based upon organelles a cell has, they will perform a specific job
Simple: single layered
Stratified: multi layered
Sense organs: every organ but the brain
Epithelial Tissue
epi- if visible from outside; endo- if not
TRAITS: lining tissue; only tissue that is close together; little interstitial fluid; dense; has glands
Classifications: Epithelial
BY SHAPE
- Squamous: flat, squashed, usually layered; on outside
- Cuboidal: cubed, large nuclei; in organs
- Columnar: column or rectangular; in intestines
- Ciliated Columnar: columnar with “hair” that removes dust or waste; in respiratory tract
Connective Tissue
protects, pads, or connects body areas; may also be used as storage
contains bright, white fibers of elastin (flexibility) and/or collagen (strength)
3 Germ Layers
EPITHELIAL/ENDOTHELIAL TISSUE
- Ectoderm: produces outside structures
- Mesoderm: middle
- Endoderm: inside
Four Types of Connective Tissue
- Ligament: connects bone to bone
- Tendon: connects muscle to bone
- Adipose: fat (as in fatty acid and glycerol); energy storage of glycogen; clear, bulbous with oil, polarized nucleus
- Cartilage: acts as padding between two bones; no fiber; triangular cells, paired (parietal), lots of interstitial fluid to act as cushioning, connected by fibers
Nerve/Neural Tissue
only tissue/cell that can conduct or carry an electrical impulse
THREE TYPES: motor (sends; in muscles and glands), sensory/receptor (receives; in sense organs), mixed (interprets; in brain and spinal cord)
*senses recorded by brain yet brain does not feel direct touch bc no sensory neurons are there
Classifications: Nerve/Neural
- Unipolar: one road to nucleus; in sense organs
- Bipolar: two roads; typically one way, *if impulses collide, it can lead to erratic behavior
- Multipolar: many roads; in brain and spinal cord
Afferent vs. Efferent
A: to brain, from body
E: to body, from brain
Tissues
group of similar cells (structure and number of organelles) and similar function; means “weave” and has matrix of crossover design
FOUR TYPES: connective (connects), epithelial (covers), muscle (movement), nervous (transmits); all four found in an organ
Cartilage Types
- Hyaline: low stress and strength; no fiber
- Elastic, aka Areolar: medium stress and strength; some fiber
- Dense: tough jobs and high strength; very fibrous
* all found in ear
Muscle Tissue
only tissue that can move (besides sperm); has dual function to produce movement and heat (eg. shivering and goosebumps to create heat and reduce heat loss)
Classification: Muscle
BY MOVEMENT; 660+ types
- Skeletal: striated, involuntary; on skeleton; has protein bands and stripes; is organized and parallel
- Cardiac: striated, involuntary; in heart; each cell beats with autorhythmicity, striped with crossing over pattern, has syncytium gap
- Smooth, aka Visceral: not striated, involuntary; in internal organs and blood vessels; free-moving nuclei with fusiform shape
Skin, the largest organ in the body
THREE BASIC AREAS:
- Epidermis: upper layer, 100% epithelial (typically squamous) and of seven layers
- Dermis: middle portion; contains glands (oil, fat), cartilage, etc.
- Hypo-dermis: innermost layer; growth and nerve layers
Burn Degrees
1st: damage to epidermis; grows back easily
2nd: damage to epidermis and dermis; grows back with assistance
3rd: damage all the way to hypodermis; requires treatment (eg. skin grafts) to grow back
