Quiz 2 Flashcards
Define three terms of pathology.
Tumors: lumps
Neoplasts: new liquid, cyst
Polyp: growth in any body opening
Define benign and malignant.
Benign: good, harmless
Malignant: bad, harmful
Define cell organelles and cell inclusion.
Cell Organelles: tiny, ultra structures in cell cytoplasm that perform some metabolic function
Cell Inclusion: non-living entities that assist organelles in their functions
What is the ABCDE of skin cancer?
Asymmetry
Borders: smooth, good v. jagged, bad
Color: especially maroon or blood coloring
Diameter: if continually growing
Elevation: flat, good v. raised or lumpy, bad
What are the first two parts of the cell theory?
- Cells are the basic unit of living organisms.
2. Cells produce similar cells through mitosis.
What makes up a eukaryotic cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm with organelles, plasma membrane
75% interstitial fluid, 20% protein, 3-6% salts (KCaNa)
Define prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Pro-: primitive cells that lack a nucleus, organelles, or both (both means a true pro-cell); eg. bacteria or blood cells
Eu-: true cells that exist in complex organisms and are independent because of metabolic capabilities; eg. skin cells or liver cells
Name 5 organelles and their functions within the cell.
Ribosomes: produce proteins
Golgi Bodies, Golgi Apparatus: packages proteins together
Lysosomes: contain enzymes; act as the cell’s digestive system
Vacuoles: storage of water, food, or waste
Mitochondria: perform respiration; liberates ATP (liquid cell energy)
Define metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism.
Metabolism: sum of all organelle functions of a eukaryotic cell
Catabolism: to break down
Anabolism: to build up
What are the five steps of metabolism?
- Ingestion
- Catabolism
- Transport, Energy Cycle
- Anabolism
- Proteins and Waste formed; excretion for liquids, egestion for solids
What is the energy cycle?
ATP (unstable, very reactive) changed into ADP when used; some energy is lost due to heat, active transport, or the union of amino acids chains
What is the rate of molecular movement dependent on?
- Temperature: higher temperature means higher energy
- Gradient: high to low concentration
- Size of molecules
- Pressure
What is passive transport? What are the three types of passive transport?
PT requires no energy.
- Simple diffusion: movement from a high to low concentration
- Facilitated diffusion: requires assistance to diffuse
- Osmosis: diffusion of liquid through SPM
What is active transport? What are the two types of active transport?
AT requires energy (ATP) to transport molecules against a gradient or to be moved through the pores of SPM.
- Exocytosis: move out of the cell
- Endocytosis: take into the cell (phagocytosis for solids, pinocytosis for liquids)
What is toxicity? What are the three types of tonicity?
Tonicity is the solution/interstitial fluid in which a cell soaks.
- Hypertonic: more water in cell than out; transport goes in to out; can lead to plasmolysis or cytoplasm destruction
- Hypotonic: more water out of cell than in; transport goes out to in the cell; can cytolysis or cell destruction
- Isotonic: equal water concentration in and out of cell
Name twelve parts of the microscope.
Body tube Ocular lens Objective lens Iris diaphragm knob Stage Stage clips Base Nosepiece Arm Light Coarse adjustment Fine adjustment
How do you get the power of magnification?
Multiply the power of the ocular lens with the power of the objective lens.
What are the four steps to make a wet mount?
- Get a clean slide and coverslip.
- Place ONE drop of water in the middle of the slide
- Place the eve of the coverslip on one side of the water drop.
- Slowly lower the coverslip on top of the drop.
Define Cytology and Histology.
Cytology: the study of cells
Histology: the study of tissue
