Quiz 1 Flashcards
Define Latin, anatomy, and physiology.
Latin: language of anatomy
Anatomy: structure or parts
Physiology: study of structure or parts
Define cadaver, biopsy, and autopsy.
Cadaver: dead human body donated to science
Biopsy: test on living tissue
Autopsy: test on dead tissue
Define pathology, catheter, and gross anatomy.
Pathology: study of diseases and pathogens
Catheter: tube that goes into your body for exploration
Gross anatomy: observed with the naked eye
Define microscopy, stem cell, and endoscope.
Microscopy: studying with a microscope
Stem Cell: “naked cell”; very valuable
Endoscope: camera that goes into the body
Who are Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey?
Andreas Vesalius: Father of Anatomy
William Harvey: Father or Circulation Physiology
Define No. 3.
3 germ layers that form body structures; EMBRYONIC – endotherm (outside), methoderm (middle), ectoderm (inside)
Pregnancy trimesters; first (embryo; formation of 3 germ layers), second (fetus; premature organ and system growth), third (fetus; mature growth of organs and system)
*organogenesis is formation of organs
Define interstitial fluid.
liquid between cells; every liquid in the body is modified interstitial fluid; “glues” or binds our cells; makes up 15% of our total weight
Define homeostasis.
internal steady state, requiring water, salt, sugar, nutrients, and enzymes; controlled by hypothalamus, regulated by liver; humans fluctuate about norm on a daily basis (above norm is hyper-, below is hypo-)
Define osmotic exchange.
exchange between cells, using interstitial fluid as a mediator; exchange good, get rid of bad
What are the four levels of organization?
- Cells; basic unit, countless types
- Tissues; made of cells, four types
- Organs; made of tissue
- System; made of organs
What are the four basic elements of living organisms? What are the next four in human beings?
HONC; hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
KCaNaP; potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus
*KCaNa are basic salts
What are three methods of study?
Regional: by area
Manipulation: move body parts
Percussion: by sound
Name three types of systemic study.
Blood to Hematology
Heart to Cardiology
Bones to Osteology
What are the four planes?
Sagittal: separates right from left sides
Coronal; Frontal: separates anterior from interior; divides front and back
Transverse: separates superior from interior; divides top and bottom
Oblique: separates body with an imaginary angled slice
What are the two main body cavities? What divides the second?
Dorsal Body, Ventral Body
Diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominal cavities.
What is in the dorsal body cavity?
Cranial cavity (brain) Vertebral cavity (spinal cord)
What is in the ventral body cavity?
Thoracic: contains pleural cavity (lung), superior mediastinum, and pericardial within mediastinum (heart)
Abdominal: contains digestive viscera
Pelvic: contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
*abdominopelvic refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Scientific Method
six basic, universal steps
- Define the problem; single concern
- Collection of Data; facts, stats, observations, etc.
- Forming a Hypothesis; attempt to answer 1 based on data collected from 2; variable always stated
- Experimentation; tests you hypothesis; two steps (control and variable)
- Second Data Collection; measurements of changing variable
- Conclusion; in/validates hypothesis based on data collected in 5
* show correlation between problem/hypothesis/experiment
