Quiz 1

Question 1

Define Latin, anatomy, and physiology.

Answer 1

Latin: language of anatomy
Anatomy: structure or parts
Physiology: study of structure or parts

Question 2

Define cadaver, biopsy, and autopsy.

Answer 2

Cadaver: dead human body donated to science
Biopsy: test on living tissue
Autopsy: test on dead tissue

Question 3

Define pathology, catheter, and gross anatomy.

Answer 3

Pathology: study of diseases and pathogens
Catheter: tube that goes into your body for exploration
Gross anatomy: observed with the naked eye

Question 4

Define microscopy, stem cell, and endoscope.

Answer 4

Microscopy: studying with a microscope
Stem Cell: “naked cell”; very valuable
Endoscope: camera that goes into the body

Question 5

Who are Andreas Vesalius and William Harvey?

Answer 5

Andreas Vesalius: Father of Anatomy

William Harvey: Father or Circulation Physiology

Question 6

Define No. 3.

Answer 6

3 germ layers that form body structures; EMBRYONIC – endotherm (outside), methoderm (middle), ectoderm (inside)
Pregnancy trimesters; first (embryo; formation of 3 germ layers), second (fetus; premature organ and system growth), third (fetus; mature growth of organs and system)
*organogenesis is formation of organs

Question 7

Define interstitial fluid.

Answer 7

liquid between cells; every liquid in the body is modified interstitial fluid; “glues” or binds our cells; makes up 15% of our total weight

Question 8

Define homeostasis.

Answer 8

internal steady state, requiring water, salt, sugar, nutrients, and enzymes; controlled by hypothalamus, regulated by liver; humans fluctuate about norm on a daily basis (above norm is hyper-, below is hypo-)

Question 9

Define osmotic exchange.

Answer 9

exchange between cells, using interstitial fluid as a mediator; exchange good, get rid of bad

Question 10

What are the four levels of organization?

Answer 10

1. Cells; basic unit, countless types
2. Tissues; made of cells, four types
3. Organs; made of tissue
4. System; made of organs

Question 11

What are the four basic elements of living organisms? What are the next four in human beings?

Answer 11

HONC; hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon
KCaNaP; potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus
*KCaNa are basic salts

Question 12

What are three methods of study?

Answer 12

Regional: by area
Manipulation: move body parts
Percussion: by sound

Question 13

Name three types of systemic study.

Answer 13

Blood to Hematology
Heart to Cardiology
Bones to Osteology

Question 14

What are the four planes?

Answer 14

Sagittal: separates right from left sides
Coronal; Frontal: separates anterior from interior; divides front and back
Transverse: separates superior from interior; divides top and bottom
Oblique: separates body with an imaginary angled slice

Question 15

What are the two main body cavities? What divides the second?

Answer 15

Dorsal Body, Ventral Body

Diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Question 16

What is in the dorsal body cavity?

Answer 16

Cranial cavity (brain)
Vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

Question 17

What is in the ventral body cavity?

Answer 17

Thoracic: contains pleural cavity (lung), superior mediastinum, and pericardial within mediastinum (heart)
Abdominal: contains digestive viscera
Pelvic: contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
*abdominopelvic refers to the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Question 18

Scientific Method

Answer 18

six basic, universal steps

1. Define the problem; single concern
2. Collection of Data; facts, stats, observations, etc.
3. Forming a Hypothesis; attempt to answer 1 based on data collected from 2; variable always stated
4. Experimentation; tests you hypothesis; two steps (control and variable)
5. Second Data Collection; measurements of changing variable
6. Conclusion; in/validates hypothesis based on data collected in 5
   * show correlation between problem/hypothesis/experiment