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Quiz 3 Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Digestive System

1
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

GI tract

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2
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

In mouth
Chewing / Mastication

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3
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Starts in mouth
Salivary amylase begins carbs breakdown

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4
Q

Alimentary Canal Wall - Deep to Superficial

A

1) Mucosa
2) Submucosa
3) Muscularis
4) Serosa (visceral peritoneum)

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5
Q

Mixing

A

Segmentation

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6
Q

Propelling

A

Peristalsis - moving forward (wavelike motion of smooth muscle)

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7
Q

Labial Frenulum

A

Folded membrane between lips and gums

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8
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Folded membrane between tongue and bottom of mouth

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9
Q

Papillae

A

Rough projections on the tongue
Taste buds are located INSIDE the papillae

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10
Q

Palate (hard/soft)

A

Roof of the mouth
Hard - bone
Soft - tissue

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11
Q

Uvula

A

Tear shaped tissue dangling in back of the throat

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12
Q

Tonsils

A

Pharyngeal (adenoids)
Palatine (tonsillectomy)
Lingual - at the root of the tongue

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13
Q

Enamel

A

Hardest substance in human body

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14
Q

Primary teeth

A

Deciduous

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15
Q

Second teeth

A

Pernament

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16
Q

Wisdom teeth

A

Third molars

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17
Q

Salivary glands

A

1) Parotid - near the ear, watery saliva (serous fluid), largest
2) Submandibular - near lower jaw
3) Sublingual - contain lot of mucus

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18
Q

Deglutition

A

Swallowing

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19
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

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20
Q

Bolus

A

A mass of swallowed food, drink, saliva, etc

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21
Q

Esophageal Hiatus

A

Natural opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus to pass through stomach

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22
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

stomach pokes upward through hiatus into thoracic cavity

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23
Q

Sphincter between esophagus and stomach

A

3 names:
1) Lower esophageal
2) Gastroesophageal
3) Cardiac

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24
Q

Sphincter between stomach and duodenum

A

Pyloric

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25
Q

Capacity of adult stomach

A

About 1 liter

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26
Q

Rugae

A

Folds in stomach lining

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27
Q

Fundus

A

Upper, rounded part of the stomach

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28
Q

Most important gastric digestive enzyme

A

Pepsin - starts of as pepsinogen

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29
Q

Stomach acid

A

Hydrochloric acid (HCI)

30
Q

Which gastric cells make intrinsic factor and HCI

A

Parietal cells

31
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

made in stomach, used in small intestine
required for B12 absorption

32
Q

Cholecystokinin

A

CCK
Peptide hormone produced in small intestine, released when we consume proteins and fats
Stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes and gallbladder to contract to release bile
Influences gastric emptying and satiety

33
Q

GERD

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease - can lead to esophageal cancer

34
Q

Antacids

A

OTC medication for reflux, contain:
Na - sodium
Ca - calcium
Mg - magnesium
Al - aluminum

35
Q

Chyme

A

Semifluid paste of partially digested food, fluids, and digestive juices

36
Q

Emetics

A

Induce vomiting

37
Q

Antiemetics

A

Prevent vomiting

38
Q

Vomiting and nausea center in the central nervous system

A

Medulla oblongata

39
Q

What does pancreas produce

A

Exocrine production of:
1) Pancreatic amylase (carbs)
2) Lipases (fats)
3) Proteases (proteins)
4) Nucleases (nucleic acids)
Also produces bicarbonate ion (HCO3) to raise PH of material leaving stomach

40
Q

Liver

A

Largest internal organ
Detoxifies
Makes cholesterol, urea, bile, and plasma proteins
Converts excess carbs to fats
Stores glycogen, Fe, vitamins A, D, B12
Helps with breakdown/recycling of worn-out RBCs

41
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A

Brings nutrients absorbed from small intestine to the liver

42
Q

Most abundant component of bile

A

Bile salts - the only component of bile with a digestive function

43
Q

Insulin vs glucagon

A

In the liver
Insulin stimulates the liver cells to convert glucose to glycogen
Glucagon stimulates the liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose

44
Q

Cholecystogram

A

x ray of gallbladder

45
Q

cholelithiasis

A

gall bladder stones

46
Q

cholecystectomy

A

gall bladder removal

47
Q

cholengiogram

A

the bile duct x ray

48
Q

Where is bile made/stored

A

Made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder

49
Q

Emulsification

A

To break up into smaller droplets

50
Q

Purpose of the bile

A

To emulsify fats

51
Q

Results of decreased bile salt production

A

Poor lipid absorption and vitamin deficiency (fat soluble vitamins - A, D, E, K)

52
Q

Three sections of small intestine

A

Duodenum (most digestion happen here)
Jejunum (absorption)
Ilium (absorption)

53
Q

Villus / Villi

A

finger-like projections in the small intestine

54
Q

Microvilli

A

brush border (villi on villi)

55
Q

Lacteals

A

In the villi
lymphatic capillaries that pick-up dietary fats

56
Q

Carb digestion begins where

57
Q

Protein digestion begins where

58
Q

Triglyceride/ lipid digestion begins where

A

Duodenum (small intestine)

59
Q

VLDL and LDL

A

Bad cholesterol
(very low and low density lipoproteins)
More lipids, less proteins

60
Q

HDL

A

Good cholesterol
More protein, less lipids
High density lipoproteins

61
Q

What does HDL do

A

Picks up cholesterol from tissues and returns it to the liver

62
Q

Colon

A

Large intestine

63
Q

What does colon absorb

A

Water and electrolytes

64
Q

Structure of the colon in order - from cecum

A

Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus

65
Q

Appendix

A

Attached to the cecum
Reservoir for good bacteria

66
Q

Anal sphincters

A

2 - internal and external

67
Q

Varicose veins

A

Hemorrhoids - of the anus, can be external and internal

68
Q

What percentage of water that enters colon is absorbed

69
Q

Feces is ____% water

70
Q

Bacteria in colon produces which vitamins

A

Vitamin K (blood clotting)
Vitamin B12
Thiamine
Riboflavin

APH217 (10 decks)

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