Quiz 2

Question 1

What does K stand for and what is it?

Answer 1

equilibrium constant
- strength of non-covenant interactions between molecules

Question 2

Are covalent or non-covalent reversible?

Answer 2

non-covalent

Question 3

What kind of bond is sharing of electrons?

Answer 3

covalent

Question 4

What kind of bond has extensive orbital overlap?

Answer 4

covalent

Question 5

What is an example of a covalent bond in immunology?

Answer 5

C3b binding to NH on pathogen surface

Question 6

What are 4 examples of non-covlalent interactions?

Answer 6

1. hydrogen bonds
2. salt bridges (ionic)
3. van der Waal
4. hydrophobic interactions

Question 7

What kind of NC interaction is two electronegative atoms competing for the same hydrogen?

Answer 7

hydrogen bond

Question 8

What amino acids are involved in hydrogen bonds?

Answer 8

polar amino acids

Question 9

What NC interaction is a bond between a positive and negative molecule?

Answer 9

ionic bonds (salt bridges)

Question 10

What amino acids are involved in ionic (salt bridges)?

Answer 10

charged amino acids

Question 11

What NC interaction is when one hydrophobic molecule is attracted to another hydrophobic molecule?

Answer 11

hydrophobic interactions

Question 12

What amino acids are involved in hydrophobic interactions?

Answer 12

hydrophobic amino acids

Question 13

What NC interaction is packing of atoms together?

Answer 13

van der Waal

Question 14

What is the Ka equation?

Answer 14

R + L —> RL

Question 15

What is the Kd equation?

Answer 15

RL —> R + L

Question 16

What is Kd?

Answer 16

the disassociation constant

Question 17

What is the Ka?

Answer 17

the association constant

Question 18

What is the unit of measurement for Kd and Ka?

Answer 18

Kd = M
Ka = M-1

Question 19

Large Ka = more or less RL?

Answer 19

more

Question 20

small Kd = more or less RL?

Answer 20

more

Question 21

Ka and Kd are ______ or each other

Answer 21

inverses

Question 22

Kd = 1/??

Answer 22

Kd = 1/Ka

Question 23

____ is a constant

Answer 23

Ka

Question 24

ever RL complex has its own specific _____ and _____ based on NC interactions

Answer 24

Kd and Ka

Question 25

What is f?

Answer 25

fraction of RL complexes at a given [L]

Question 26

f is on the ___ axis [L] is on the _____ axis

Answer 26

y x

Question 27

What does the f equation tell us?

Answer 27

how much RL is present at a specific [L]

Question 28

What do binding curves show?

Answer 28

the amount of RL formed art any [L]

Question 29

How do you find the Kd on a binding curve?

Answer 29

draw a line form 50% over and down and the number on the X axis is the Kd

Question 30

The relationship between ___ and RL formation are the same for all interactions

Answer 30

Kd

Question 31

If Ka is a constant why does the binding increase with concentration?

Answer 31

increasing [L], increases the probability of an interaction between R and L

Question 32

How can you tell if a ligand has a stronger affinity than another?

Answer 32

The lower the Kd the more RL formed at the same [L]

Question 33

Is affinity or avidity stronger?

Answer 33

avidity

Question 34

What is apparent Kd?

Answer 34

actual Kd is different than the experimental Kd (avidity)

Question 35

What 2 things does avidity binding require?

Answer 35

1. R or L be attached to a surface 2. requires the other component to have multiple binding sites

Question 36

Does avidity or affinity have a smaller Kd?

Answer 36

avidity

Question 37

What is responsible for the differences in affinities of different complexes?

Answer 37

the NC interactions

Question 38

In specificity, ___________ interactions can cause steric repulsion preventing binding

Answer 38

van der waal

Question 39

How do antibodies neutralize microbes involving specificity?

Answer 39

Antibodies disrupt these non-covalent contacts - antibody has a smaller Kd than the microbe so it will have a higher affinity to bind to the site where the microbe wants to bind