Condensed Quiz 7

Question 1

What causes the redness in psoriasis?

Answer 1

vasodilation and inflamed endothelial cells

Question 2

What causes the skin thickening in psoriasis?

Answer 2

hyper-proliferation of keratinocytes

Question 3

What causes the white scales in psoriasis?

Answer 3

parakeratosis

Question 4

Because of the dysfunction of skin in psoriasis what 3 things occur making it a skin barrier dysfunction disease?

Answer 4

improper skin stacking
improper secretion of lipids
improper adherence of keratinocytes

Question 5

What are the 4 histological changes in psoriasis?

Answer 5

corneum becomes thick and broken
epidermis is much larger than normal
dermis has enlarged blood vessels
immune infiltrates (DC and T cell clusters)

Question 6

Are keratinocytes or T cells the driving force of psoriasis and why?

Answer 6

T cells
Decreased T cells = decreased psorasis

Question 7

What molecule produced by keratinocytes causes new of blood vessels?

Answer 7

VEGF

Question 8

What 4 ways do keratinocytes aid in barrier protection?

Answer 8

hyper-proliferation
recruit immune cells
produce AMP
produce VEGF

Question 9

LC–Cd1a produces ______

Answer 9

Th17

Question 10

pDCs produce __________

Answer 10

a lot of IFN-a

Question 11

TH1 cells produce _____

Answer 11

TNF-a

Question 12

keratinocytes produce _____, ____, and ______

Answer 12

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-a

Question 13

What are the polarizing and effector cytokines for TH17?

Answer 13

polarizing: IL-1, IL-6, IL-23, TGF-B
effector: IL-17, IL-22

Question 14

What are the polarizing and effector cytokines for TH1?

Answer 14

polarizing: IL-12, IFN-a, IL-18
effector: IFN-a, TNF

Question 15

What is the target of DAB389 IL-2 (TOX)?

Answer 15

activated T cells expressing IL-2R alpha

Question 16

A proposed mechanism of psoriasis is that specific HLA class I alleles are expressed what other mechanism backs up this claim?

Answer 16

CD8+ cells (T17 or T1 cells) found in lesions

Question 17

HLA I C___ and B___ are common in psorasis patients

Answer 17

C06
B07

Question 18

What are 4 characteristics of IFN-a?

Answer 18

pleiotropic (multiple functional cytokine)
anti-viral
immunomodulator (up-regulates MHC)
anti-proliferative (shuts down protein synthesis)

Question 19

What signaling cascade does IFN-a R1 and 2 use?

Answer 19

TYK2/JAK

Question 20

What are 3 psoriasis therapeutics we talked about that targets IFN-a?

Answer 20

TYK2 inhibitor
anti-IFNa R1 Ab
anti BCDA2 Ab

Question 21

How does TYK2 inhibitor prevent psoriasis?

Answer 21

blocks IFN-a receptor signaling pathway in cells (preventing anti-viral state)

Question 22

How does anti-IFNa R1 Ab prevent psoriasis?

Answer 22

blocks all IFN signaling because it cannot bind to its receptor

Question 23

How does anti BCDA2 Ab prevent psoriasis?

Answer 23

prevents them from activating and secreting IFN

Question 24

What are 3 ways to measure IFN signaling?

Answer 24

measure MHC up-regulation
measure STAT phosphorylation
detect expression of ISG (IFN stimulated gene)

Question 25

What are 3 pieces of evidence what pDCs are important in psorasis?

Answer 25

psoriatic skin has active IFN-a signaling pathways excessive IFN signaling treatment with IFN-a will make psoriasis worse

Question 26

What are 2 markers for pDCs?

Answer 26

BDCA-2/CD123 CD86

Question 27

How do pDCs recognize self-DNA if its inside the endosome in the cell?

Answer 27

LL37 binds with self-DNA , causing it to aggregate and cluster, triggering TLR-7 in endosome

Question 28

LC DC + CD1a sense improper lipid secretion in psoriasis and activate __________

Answer 28

Th17

Question 29

In APECED patients they have a decrease in _____ and ____ causing them to be prone to yeast infections

Answer 29

IL-17 and IFN-a

Question 30

What 3 things do keratinocytes produce?

Answer 30

IL-1 IL-6 TNF-a

Question 31

What is the major function of pDC?

Answer 31

produce lots of IFN-a

Question 32

What is the overall function of IFN-a?

Answer 32

induce viral state

Question 33

What does anti-CD80/86 prevent and how ?

Answer 33

T cell activation binding to B7 on APC so T cells cannot

Question 34

What does anti-CD20R prevent and how?

Answer 34

B cell activation chimeric Ab activating complement (MAC) to kill B cells

Question 35

What does anti-IL1B prevent and how?

Answer 35

prevents Th17 activation (polarizing cytokine) binding to IL-1

Question 36

What does anti-IL-6R prevent and how?

Answer 36

prevents Th17 activation (polarizing cytokine) binding to IL-6R on T cells

Question 37

What does anti-12R prevent and how?

Answer 37

inhibits IL-12 and 23 from activating Th1 and Th17 (polarizing cytokines) binds to IL-12R

Question 38

What does anti-TNF-a prevent and how?

Answer 38

prevents TNF-a from binding to Th1 cells and activating them (effector cytokine) binds to TNF-a

Question 39

What does anti-IL-17 prevent and how?

Answer 39

prevents Th17 activation (effector cytokine) and and neutrophils binds to IL-17