Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio > questions ive got wrong > Flashcards

questions ive got wrong Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

when adding volumes of acid to a suspension when looking at how changing pH affects the activity of pepsin, what can be done to increase validity ?

A

ensure that there is an equal volume in each tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does repeating the test improve the investigation

A

-improves reliability so it can assess the spread of results ( standard deviation) allows for calculating the mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why are controls carried out

A
  • to compare the effect of any other treatments/ changed conditions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

for measuring why is a capillary tube better than a graduated pipette

A

-capillary tube is smaller than a gas syringe (smaller diameter) so less uncertainty- finer graduations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how to increase validity in a practical examples

A
  • take more intermediate times as unexpected change could occur.
  • use a better piece of apparatus e.g using a spreader for evenness
  • labelling things not to get confused
  • using a wider range of variables e.g temp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

applications of adult stem cell cloning

A
  • development and treatment of disease
  • preserve endangered organisms
  • able to produce organs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why are lipids better storage molecules than carbohydrates

A
  • have more c-c bonds and more c-h bonds
  • contain more energy per molecule
  • they are also insoluble and don’t affect water pot of a cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how does adrenaline bind to cardiac cells

A

binds to a receptor in the cell surface membrane which is a glycoprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

suggest why reduced heart rate is sometimes seen in people who are very aerobically fit

A
  • they have an increased stroke volume, increased strength/ thickness of heart muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

does lymph and tissue fluid contain neutrophils

A

yep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tow advantages of keeping blood inside vessels

A
  • blood can move at high pressures

- increases rate of flow-> blood can move quicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does the artery withstand pressure

A
  • outer layer= collagen
  • provides strength
  • walls will not tear , no damage to endothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how does the artery maintain pressure

A
  • elastic fibers /elastic tissue to allow for recoil

- smooth muscle which constricts lumen/ artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle

A
  • more muscle to create more force
  • needs to create a higher pressure
  • pushes blood against greater resistance
  • left ventricle pushes blood further (supplies systemic system)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does a TEM allow for

A

smaller organelles to be identified (ribosomes e.g)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats the parasite that causes malaria

A

plasmodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name the vector for the malarial parasite

A

female anopoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the action of the B lymphocytes in the immune response

A

B lymphocyte= the humoral response

  • B cell/ lymphocyte has antigen receptor/ carries an antibody on its surface, its specific to only 1 antigen. clonal selection occurs which is the activation of specific b lymphocyte/ cell by macrophages/ antigen presenting cells / T-helpers / cytokines / interleukins
  • clonal expansion occurs -> selected cell divides by mitosis.
  • b- cell differentiates to plasma cell and memory cells.
  • memory cells= long lived and remain in the body, it provides the secondary response-> faster response to subsequent exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 reasons why vaccine for malaria is difficult

A
  • parasite hides in RBCs
  • more than one stage so diff stages ahve diff antigens
  • many diff strains of plasmodium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does fossil evidence show evolution

A

-shows how organisms have changed over time

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how does fossil evidence show evolution

A
  • shows how organisms have changed over time
  • fossils can be dated
  • fossils show intermediate forms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

two causes of variation

A
  • mutation

- environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

characteristics of continuous variation

A
  • caused by many alleles and environment
  • no defined activities
  • quantitive
  • range of values
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

benefits of antibiotics

A
  • reduces disease

- prevents gut problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

whats adhesion

A

the attraction of water molecules to the impermeable walls of the xylem tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why is sucrose transported through a plant rather than a carbohydrate

A

because its soluble in water and is not used up during transport, it is only removed at a sink

27
Q

how is transport in the phloem and xylem simmilar

A
  • both involve mass flow

- both carry solutes in solution

28
Q

how is transport in the phloem and xylem different

A

transport in the phloem can move up and down but in the xylem, substances can only move up

29
Q

Describe two features of the circulatory system that could affect blood pressure.

A
  • a narrower lumen would increase blood pressure
  • force of ventricular contraction
  • strength of elastic recoil
30
Q

when talking abt having confidence in results, what does this mean

A

Confidence is a qualitative judgement expressing the extent to which a conclusion is justified by the quality of the
evidence.

31
Q

(i) State ways a student could have ensured they had confidence in their results.

A
  • repeat readings
  • calc mean
  • identify anomalies
32
Q

In humans, a circulatory system is needed to transport substances around the body by mass transport.
Explain why humans need a mass transport system

A

humans are large and have a low sa:vol ratio. there is a long diffusion distance so without mass flow, substances wouldn’t be supplied quickly enough

33
Q

Suggest why a hole in the septum is open in the fetus before birth.

A

-lungs not functioning rn, the fetus isn’t breathing, blood isnt oxygenated in the lungs but it is in the placenta

34
Q

what are the bonds in the tertiary structure

A

folding is caused by:

-ionic bonding, disulphide bonding, hydrophilic and phobic interactions

35
Q

what type of binding occurs in haemoglobin

A

reversible binding

36
Q

what is meant by tertiary structure

A
  • further folding of the secondary structure into a 3d shape

- caused by ionic bonding, disulphide bonding, hydrophilic and phobic interactions

37
Q

can diffusion occur in aretries

A

no cu arteries have thick walls

38
Q

what is the bhor effect

A

…

39
Q

Describe the role of haemoglobin in transporting oxygen around the body.

A

ocygen has a high affinity for 02
oxygen binds to haemoglobin in lungs/ alveoli/ high po2. oxyhaemoglobin is formed
oxygen relased in tissues/ whwere needed

40
Q

what could u do to see if two species are related or not

A
  • breed the two species together to see if fertile offspring has been produced, if fertile offspring has been produced, they are the same species
41
Q

how can u tell how old fossils are

A

fossils deeper in the ground are older than those near the surface

42
Q

Explain how biological molecules can provide evidence that species have evolved

A

DNA:
if two species has a similarity in order of base sequences, this implies an evolutionary relationship.
Cytochrome C:
if species have a simmilar in order of amino acids/ primary structure, this implies evolutionary relationship

43
Q

give features of continuous variation

A
  • range of values/ intermediates
  • influenced by the environment
  • influenced by more than 2 genes
44
Q

three reasons why the three-domain classification system is now used in preference to the fivekingdom system

A
  • bacteria and archaea ahve fundamental differences
  • 3 domains for phylogeny fit better, reflects evolutionary relationship better.
  • all eukaryotes have a nucleus
  • bacteria and archaea have different cell membranes/ flagella
45
Q

Define the term phylogeny and explain how phylogeny is related to classification

A
  • phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.
  • phylogeny is the basis of classification
  • molecular evidence such as DNA and cytochrome C is used to classify
  • species within the same group have shared phylogeny/ a common ancestor
46
Q

Outline three reasons why it is important to conserve the Iberian lynx.

A
  • aesthetics, they are nice to look at
  • tourism- might provide a useful resource
  • impact on food chain if lost
47
Q

The type

of variation that is caused by differences in DNA is known as…

A

genetic variation

48
Q

Fossils provide strong evidence that organisms have evolved over time.
Describe other types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.

A
  • DNA
  • Cytochrome C
  • comparison of morphology and physiology
  • evolution seen within human history
49
Q

State the name given to the evolution of a new species.

A

speciation

50
Q

differences between electron microscopes and laser scanning

A

LSCM has a lower resolution

51
Q

what happens at metaphase 1

A

independent assortment

52
Q

talk abt the xylem thickness in hydrophytes

A

thinner walls, less xylem

53
Q

talk abt the xylem thickness in xerophytes

A

thicker, more walls

54
Q

similarity between xylem and phloem

A

-both are made of cells joined end to end

55
Q

difference between xylem and phloem

A

phloem= no bordered pits , xylem= bordered pits

-lignified walls

56
Q

fish dissection

A

-remove operculum and obtain gills, put underwater to see structure clearly

57
Q

mammal trachea vs insect

A
  • mammal= much wider diameter
  • has c shaped cartilage while insects dont
  • mammal= smooth muscle, goblet and ciliated and insect dont
58
Q

how alveoli are adapted to efficient gas exchange extras

A
  • surfactant- prevents alveoli from collapse
  • elastic fibres- for stretch and recoil
  • internal gas exchange surface so rate of diffusion is constant
59
Q

what forms plasma cell clones

A

b-cells

60
Q

why is the primary response delayed

A
  • due to clonal selection and clonal expansion
61
Q

why would a woodland be more biodiverse than a farm

A
  • lack of monoculture
  • no pesticide use
  • mor food types available
62
Q

one cat is a diff colour to another, whats this called

A

genetic biodiversity

63
Q

when writing out how to carry out a test what do u need to state

A

-a control variable

bio (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions