Questions I missed on my exams

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the control of the lac operon?

Answer 1

Negative feedback

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the control of the cAMP operon?

Answer 2

Positive gene expression

Question 3

Which regulatory mechanism in bacteria is indicated by the diagram shown here? (precursor to tryptophan image)

Answer 3

Feedback inhibition

Question 4

In the diagram shown here, what is the role of tryptophan? (precursor to tryptophan image)

Answer 4

Allosteric repressor

Question 5

The bubble image of DNA replication the little fragments (the small darkened portion of the tail)
This portion of the arrow is where DNA synthesis begins. What is the name of this small portion of the newly replicated section of DNA?

Answer 5

The primer

Question 6

Using the pattern explained above write the direction indicator of the DNA molecule indicated by point E (the end that is on the same side as the 5 prime.

Answer 6

3 prime end

Question 7

Write out the name of the functional group that associated with this end of the DNA molecule (same side as the 3 prime end question)

Answer 7

Hydroxyl group

Question 8

Using the pattern explained above write the direction indicator of the DNA molecule indicated by point F (the end that is on the same side as the 3 prime.

Answer 8

5 prime end

Question 9

Write out the name of the functional group that associated with this end of the DNA molecule (the 5 prime end)

Answer 9

phosphate group

Question 10

What is the name of the point where the replication bubble forms?

Answer 10

Origin of replication

Question 11

Which molecule would be added to the growing strand by the enzyme marked as molecule C in the figure shown on the previous page? (molecule C is DNA polymerase)

Answer 11

Deoxyribose

Question 12

Which molecule would be added to the growing strand by the enzyme marked as molecule E in the figure shown on the previous page? (molecule E is DNA primase)

Answer 12

Ribose

Question 13

What specific type of nucleic acid is synthesized by this enzyme? (DNA primase)

Answer 13

RNA

Question 14

What do we call the short length of nucleic acid synthesized by this enzyme? (DNA primase)

Answer 14

Primer

Question 15

What happens when a ribosome encounters a stop codon?

Answer 15

A water molecule is added to the chain, causing the chain to terminate and leave the ribosome

Question 16

In terms of gene 3, which strand is the template strand? (arrow going left the opposite way on the bottom strand)

Answer 16

Strand A

Question 17

Name the type of mutation that would result if a nucleotide in the original sequence was accidentally deleted.

Answer 17

Frameshift mutation

Question 18

Which of the following events is most immediately associated with the absorption of energy by chlorophyll molecules of the reaction-center complex?

An electron is excited
ATP is synthesized from energy absorbed
NADPH+ is reduced to NADPH
A molecule of water is split

Answer 18

An electron is excited

Question 19

Which of the following metabolic process normally occurs in most cells regardless of oxygen availability?

Glycolysis
Oxidation phosphorylation
Fermentation
Citric acid cycle

Answer 19

Glycolysis

Question 20

A person on a strict diet and exercise regimen lost 7kg of body fat in just 2 weeks. In which of the following forms did the loss of fat most likely leave the body?

Released CO2 and H2O
Eliminated from the body as feces
Converted to heat and then released
Converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat

Answer 20

Released CO2 and H2O

Question 21

Where would you expect is the natural environment of enzyme A (associated with PH levels)?

In an acidic environment
In hot environment
In cold environment
In alkaline environment

Answer 21

In an acidic environment

Question 22

What happen to glucose in glycolysis?

Oxidation
Reduction
Synthesis
combustion

Answer 22

Oxidation

Question 23

Which of the terms below best describes a regulatory mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibit an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the pathway?

Feedback inhibition
Cooperation inhibition
Metabolic inhibition
Allosteric inhibition

Answer 23

Feedback inhibition

Question 24

If the substrate has a positive charge, what properties would you expect to find in the enzyme groove/pocket where the substrate binds?

Negative charge
Non-polar
Polar
Positive charge

Answer 24

Negative charge

Question 25

Which of the following statements best describe the function of the nuclear pore complex found in the eukaryotic cells? It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus It synthesizes secreted proteins It assembles ribosomes from f=raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA

Answer 25

It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus

Question 26

Which of the following structures is not associated with the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells? Chloroplast Plasma membrane Golgi apparatus Nuclear envelope

Answer 26

Chloroplast

Question 27

Movement of amoebae across a surface requires which of the following activities by components of the cytoskeleton? Assembly of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane Localized contractions driven by myosin and microtubules Reinforcement of pseudopod with intermediate filaments Assembly of microtubule extensions that vesicles can follow in the direction of movement

Answer 27

Assembly of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

Question 28

Certain animal cells normally have well-defined spherical nuclei. Cells with a genetic defect have irregularly nuclei. Which of the following cytoskeletal elements is most likely affected by genetic defect? Intermediate filaments Myosin proteins Microfilaments microtubules

Answer 28

Intermediate filaments

Question 29

Which of the following molecules would likely diffuse through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly? O2 Sucrose An amino acid NA+

Answer 29

O2

Question 30

A defect in which of the following molecules would dramatically reduce the rate of diffusion of water across the cell membrane? Aquaporins Sodium-potassium pump ATP Gated ion channels

Answer 30

Aquaporins

Question 31

Which of the following results is most likely when a plant cell is submerged in a hypertonic solution? Plasmolysis will shrink the interior of the cell The cell will burst The cell will become turgid The cell will become flaccid

Answer 31

Plasmolysis will shrink the interior of the cell

Question 32

Which of the following is the most likely result when the system has reached equilibrium? The water levels will be unchanged The concentration of sucrose on side A will be greater than the concentration of sucrose on side B The water levels will be unchanged The water level will be higher in side A than in side B

Answer 32

The water levels will be unchanged

Question 33

When the system illustrated above reaches equilibrium, what will the sugar concentrations of both sides of the U-tube be? 1.5M and 1.5M 1M sucrose, 1M glucose 2M sucrose, 1M glucose 1M sucrose, 2M glucose

Answer 33

1.5M and 1.5M

Question 34

Which of the following examples describes a type of potential rather than kinetic energy? A sucrose molecule Water rushing out of hoover dam Heat released by a campfire Flashes of light emitted by a firefly

Answer 34

A sucrose molecule

Question 35

A decrease in entropy is associated with which of the following types of reactions? Dehydration Hydrolysis Catabolic depolymerization

Answer 35

Dehydration

Question 36

Which of the following types of reactions would decrease the entropy within a cell? Anabolic reaction Hydrolysis Catabolic reactions digestion

Answer 36

Anabolic reaction

Question 37

Which of the following statements best summarizes an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for living organism? Each organism ultimately must obtain all the necessary energy for life from its environment The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows completely The energy content of a single organism is constant An organism grows by converting energy into organic matter

Answer 37

Each organism ultimately must obtain all the necessary energy for life from its environment

Question 38

What is the valence of this atom? (atom has a full valence shell)

Answer 38

8

Question 39

How many covalent bonds can this atom form? ( that has a full valance shell)

Answer 39

0

Question 40

Which functional group when added to DNA, would alter gene expression?

Answer 40

Methyl group

Question 41

Which functional group when part of an organic molecule, would be responsible for storing and transferring energy cells?

Answer 41

Phosphate group

Question 42

Which functional group would form crosslinks (covalent bonds) that bind the molecules, such as 2 proteins together?

Answer 42

Sulfhydryl group

Question 43

Which structures would be used as a lipid component of a membrane?

Answer 43

Glycerol or a fatty acid (look at pics of those)

Question 44

Agrobacterium infects plants and causes them to form tumors. You are asked to determine how long a plant must be exposed to these bacteria to become infected, Which if the following experiments will provide the best data to address this question? Measure the number of tumors formed on a plant when exposed to various concentration of Agrobacterium Determine the survival rate of agrobacterium when exposed to different concentrations of an antibiotic Measure the concentration of agrobacterium in different soil environments where the plants grow Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which are exposed to agrobacterium for different lengths of time

Answer 44

Measure the number of tumors formed on plants, which re exposed to agrobacterium for different lengths of time

Question 45

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning? If two species are members of the same genus, they are alike than each of them could be to a different genus These organisms live in sunny regions. Therefore, they are using photosynthesis If protists are all single-celled, they are incapable of aggregations Hundreds of individuals of species have been observed and all are photosynthetic, therefore the species is photosynthetic

Answer 45

Hundreds of individuals of species have been observed and all are photosynthetic, therefore the species is photosynthetic

Question 46

In the 1850's 2 scientists studied a wide number of organisms and together wrote what we know today as cell theory. The cell is the basic unit of life and all living organism consist of one or more cells. Of what type of reasoning is this an example of? Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Controlled experimentation Illogical reasoning

Answer 46

Inductive reasoning

Question 47

How many electrons will a single atom of nitrogen with no charge and no bonds have in its valence shell? 14 2 7 5

Answer 47

5

Question 48

How many amino acids and peptide bonds does tetrapeptide have? Four amino acids and three peptide bonds Three amino acids and four peptide bonds Four amino acids and four peptide bonds Four amino acids and two peptide bonds

Answer 48

Four amino acids and three peptide bonds

Question 49

Which of the following chemical reactions is represented in the figure? Results in peptide bond (OH and O binding and making a H2O molecule) Links two polymers to form a monomer Is a hydrolysis reaction Joins two fatty acids together

Answer 49

Results in peptide bond (OH and O binding and making a H2O molecule) a carboxyl group binds to an amino group

Question 50

Which of the following best compares dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart Hydrolysis assemble polymers, dehydration reactions break polymers apart Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis assemble polymers from monomers Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes, hydrolysis reactions add water to membranes

Answer 50

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart

Question 51

Which of the following is a biological advantage of storing glucose molecules in branched polymers? They have more sites for enzymatic attack than do unbranched polymers They are resistant to enzymes They are insoluble and so provide strength to molecule They can be stacked together to save space

Answer 51

They have more sites for enzymatic attack than do unbranched polymers

Question 52

Miotic spindle connects with centromeres in……

Answer 52

prometaphase

Question 53

Sister chromatids become attached to microtubules on opposite poles in……

Answer 53

Metaphase

Question 54

What occurs at G1 phase?

Answer 54

The cell synthesizes nucleotides, DNA polymerase, DNA primase, SSBP, Helicase and telomerase (answer)

Question 55

What occurs in the S phase?

Answer 55

The cell initiates reactions at origins of replication (answer)

Question 56

How do free radicals affect cells?

Answer 56

They steal electrons from biological molecules leading to DNA damage (answer)

Question 57

If a diploid organism in G0 possess 28 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would it's gametes contain? 7 14 26 20

Answer 57

14 chromosomes

Question 58

List and explain 4 reasons we discussed in class as to why the garden pea was ideal for Mendel's research

Answer 58

1. Closed reproduction 2. Short breeding cycle 3. Many characteristics 4. Easy to maintain

Question 59

Consider one of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants. According to Mendel's laws of inheritance, how many copies of the heritable factor for that trait are present in a single gamete? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Answer 59

1

Question 60

Consider one of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants. According to Mendel's laws of inheritance, how many copies of the heritable factor for that trait are present in a single zygote? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Answer 60

2

Question 61

Consider one of the traits Mendel studied in pea plants. According to menders laws of inheritance, which heritable factor determines the organisms phenotype for a specific trait?

Answer 61

The dominate allele

Question 62

Sperm contain no sex chromosomes; eggs carry two sex chromosomes?

Answer 62

Z-W system

Question 63

Cockroaches and many other insects use this sex determination system?

Answer 63

X-0 system

Question 64

Sex is determined by the number of sex chromosomes inherited when egg and sperm combine?

Answer 64

X-0 system

Question 65

Sex is determined by the combination of sex chromosomes that are inherited when egg and sperm combine?

Answer 65

X-Y system

Question 66

Sex is determined by the combination of sex chromosomes inherited in the egg?

Answer 66

Z-W system

Question 67

What type of system do bees use?

Answer 67

the X-0 system

Question 68

Unfertilized eggs produce one sex, while fertilized eggs produce the other?

Answer 68

Haplo-diploid system

Question 69

Asexual reproduction occurs during which of the following processes? Meiosis Mitosis Fertilization The exchange of chromosomes between organisms of different species

Answer 69

Mitosis

Question 70

Which of the following statements about the human X chromosome is correct? It carries genes that influence an individual's biological sex It is present in every gametic cell of male and females It is smaller than other chromosomes It is referred to as an autosome

Answer 70

It carries genes that influence an individual's biological sex

Question 71

How many unique gametes could be produced through independent assortment by an individual with the genotype AaBbCCdEE? 4 8 16 64

Answer 71

8