Questions Flashcards by Love Dog

Pharmacokinetics involves the following mechanism/s

A. Metabolism B. Distribution C. Absorption D. Elimination E. All

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Major route of drug administration?

A. Parenteral
B. Sublingual C. Enteral
D. A&C
E. All

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Advantage of oral route.

A. Easilyselfadministered
B. Lessinfections
C. Canbereversed
D. A&C
E. All

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What organ is encountered by oral drugs before it is distributed into the circulation?
A. Stomach
B. Duodenum
C. Liver
D. Kidneys
E. Lung

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With oral route, where is the major site of entry into systemic circulation?
A. Mouth
B. Stomach C. Duodenum D. A&C
E. All

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First pass metabolism of oral drugs needs

A. Enhanceofabsorption
B. Limitsefficacy
C. Inhibitsabsorption
D. A&C E. All

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Drug that exhibits first pass metabolism should be given:
A. Parenterally
B. beforemeals
C. Aftermeals
D. Atbedtime
E. Insufficientquantity

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Oral drugs medication taken with food what would happen
A. Delaygastricemptying B. Destroyedwithacids
C. Unavailableforabsorption D. A&C
E. Al

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Cholinergic drugs produce effects similar to the effects when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated

True
False

False

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The advantage of Ipratropium from atropine is that its effects are isolated in the pulmonary system.

True
False

True

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Scopolamine can be used in anesthetic procedure and can block short term memory

True
False

True

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Norepinephrine produces bradycardia instead of tachycardia because norepinephrine decreases peripheral vascular resistance

True
False

False

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The following beta blockr/s that exhibit ISA (Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity)

None
Propranolol
All
Pindolol
Timolol
Nadolol

Pindolol

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Functional cholinergic receptors are found in the following organs:

Gastric glands
All except one item
All
Sweat Glands Cardiac Cells Smooth muscles in the eye

All

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Which of the following organs has a relatively greater blood flow?

Intestines
Both
Stomach

Intestines

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Which of the following organs, where majority of “First-Pass” metabolism will take place?

All
Liver
Oral Kidney
Duodenum

Liver

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Insulin is best when taken by mouth and swallowed

True
False

False

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This is a precursor in the illicit manufacture of shabu

Cocaine
Ephedrine
Amphetamine
Tyramine

Ephedrine

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Beta agonists play a major role in the treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma

True
False

True

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Pheochromocytoma secretes norepinephrine and causes high blood pressure, in what organ is that tumor located?

Adrenal Gland
Heart
Kidney
All
None
Liver

Adrenal Gland

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The following is/are non- selective ALPHA (adrenergic) blockers

Phenoxybenzamine
Tamsulosin
Alfuzosin
None
All
Prazosin

Phenoxybenzamine

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Which of the following is an irreversible alpha antagonist?

Prazosin
Phentolamine
None
Tamsolusin
Phenoxybenzamine
All

Phenoxybenzamine

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What specialized structure increases the absorptive capacity of an organ?

Vesicles
All
Microvilli
Capillaries

Microvilli

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Route of drug administration that has the highest bioavailability

Intranasal
Intrathecal
Intravascular
Inhalation

Intravascular

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Sublingual route of drug administration facilitates direct absorption of drug into the bloodstream True False

True

In order for a drug to interact with nuclear receptors, the drug must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate the nuclear membrane True False

True

All drugs must exert some chemical influence on receptors to produce pharmacologic response True False

True

Nitroglycerine can achieve a complete absorption if given orally True False

False

They are sensing agents that coordinates the function of all the cells in the body: Enzymes Receptors Ligands Proteins

Receptors

The stomach and the GIT limits the efficacy of many drugs when taken orally True False

True

Alpha & beta receptors belong the family of G protein-coupled receptors True False

True

This is used to restore the cardiac rhythm in patients with cardiac arrest: Dobutamine Dopamine Amphetamine Epinephrine

Epinephrine

Enteral route introduces an agent direct to a person circulation across the body’s barrier system True False

False

Which of the following receptors is a cardio-selective? Alpha 1 None Alpha 2 All Beta 1 Beta 2

Beta 1

The following is/are action/s of ATROPINE in the eye Able to focus near objects All except one Mydriasis All Pupillary constriction Responsive to light

All except one

Which route of drug administration has an erratic and incomplete absorption of drugs Subcutaneous Inhalation Rectal Intrathecal

Rectal

Allergic reactions are unpredictable & dose-dependent. True False

False

Route of drug administration that delivers a local effect of the drug Rectal Topical Transdermal Sublingual

Topical

Allergic reactions are unpredictable & dose-dependent. True False

False

Non-selective alpha blockers can stimulate beta receptors in the heart, causing tachycardia and arrhythmias. True False

True

In patients with diabetes mellitus, the dose of insulin must be decreased if epinephrine is given because of increased uptake of glucose by the peripheral tissue. True False

False

Food may delay gastric emptying and therefore can aid in the absorption of drugs True False

True

Dopamine comes from exogenous & endogenous sources True Fals

True

Which of the following is/are ganglionic blockers? Atropine All None Tropicamide Nicotine Scopolamine

Nicotine

Which of the following is/are 3rd generation beta blockers (non-selective), can produce peripheral vasodilation blocking alpha1 and beta receptors? Pindolol None Labetalol Nadolol Propranolol All

Labetalol

Atropine can be used to treat gastric ulcers because it reduces gastric activity. True False

False

Which of the following anticholinergic drugs does not enter the CNS? Ipratropium Scopolamine All Atropine None

Ipratropium

The following is or are therapeutic uses neuromuscular blockers All None Facilitates mechanical ventilation Treat enuresis Antispasmodic Antidote for insecticide poisoning

All

Atropine increases intraocular pressure therefore can be use in the treatment of narrow angle glaucoma True False

False

Beta blockers can penetrate the central nervous system True False

True

Antimuscarinic agent of choice for short duration eye procedure or surgery Tropicamide Atropine None Ipratropium All Scopolamine

Tropicamide

The effect of acetylcholine in decreasing the blood pressure is due to vasodilation which is turn due to nitric oxide True False

False

Muscarinic 2 receptors & beta receptors are found in the heart True False

True

Antagonists produce no effects by themselves because they have decreased affinity to receptors. True False

False

Antimuscarinic agent that results to broncho dilation and reduction of mucus secretion. All None Scopolamine Cyclopentolate Tropicamide Tiotropium Atropine

Tiotropium

Which of the following is/are the adverse effects of antimuscarinic drugs? None Stasis of urine Confusion All Agitation Blurring of vision Dry mouth

All

This tumor in the adrenal gland releases as much as 97% of norepinephrine: Adenome Large cell carcinoma Pheochromocytoma Small cell carcinoma

Pheochromocytoma

Which of the following routes of drug administration has the most complicated means of absorbing drug Intravenous Sublingual Oral Intramuscular

Oral

The following is/are selective alpha antagonists that are effective treatment for BPH (Benign Prostate Hypertrophy) Terazosin Prazosin Doxazosin None Tamsulosin All

All

This is used in the treatment of hypertension: Epinephrine Norepinephrine Dopamine Clonidine

Clonidine

The following is or are physical that influences drug absorption. Contact time at the absoprtion surface Total surface area Blood flow Capillary permeability All except one All

All

Anticholinergic of choice for motion sickness. All Scopolamine Atracurium Atropine None Tiotropium Nicotine Ipratropium

Scopolamine

Hepatic dysfunction can markedly retard the metabolism of drugs True False

True

A highly potent drug is usually highly effective. True False

False

In neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, the norepinephrine’s action is terminated by the drug’s reuptake into the noradrenergic nerve terminals. True False

True

A drug with high efficacy may be a full agonist True False

True

Epinephrine as a bronchodilator, inhibits the release of inflammatory mediators like heparin from the mast cells. True False

False

The following is or are advantage(s) of intravenous route. Irreversible Hemolysis Pain All except one of the above All None

None

Beta 2 receptors antagonists can be used in asthmatic patients and with COPD True False

False

Oral Penicillin is ideally given in Empty stomach With food With other drugs Sublingually None

Empty stomach

Goal/s of sublingual route is/are Diffuses into the capillary network Avoids first-pass metabolism Enters the systemic circulation directly A & C All

All

Indication/s parenteral Poor GI absorption/ Unstable GI absorption/ Unconscious patients/ A & C All

All

Disadvantages of parenteral Irreversible Pain Infection A &C All

All

Route of drug administration in which introduces through the CSF Intrathecal Intraarterial Intraventricular A & C All

A & C

Disadvantages of rectal route Erratic absorption Irritates the rectal mucosa Incomplete absorption A & C All

All

Parasympatholytic use as adjuvants in anesthesia during surgery ( Cholinergic ) Anti-muscarinic agents Ganglionic blockers Neuromuscular blockers A &C All

Neuromuscular blockers

Which cholinergic blocker act/s on the nicotinic receptor Ganglionic Blockers Anti-muscarinic agents Neuromuscular blockers A &C All

A &C

The following is/are effect of nicotine in cigarette High BP Tachycardic ( increase heart rate) Increase secretion A &C All

All

Which among the parasympatholytic drugs do not possess therapeutic use Anti-muscarinic Nicotine Neuromuscular blockers A &C All

Nicotine

Stimulation of sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system will result to Increase heart rate bp Increase flow to skeletal muscles Pupillary dilation A &C All

All

Chemical signaling between cells is done through, how Chemical mediators Hormones Neurotransmitters A &C All

All

Cholinergic blockers that will now inhibit sympathetic neuron of the salivary and the sweat glands Anti-muscarinic Ganglionic Blockers Neuromuscular blockers All None

Anti-muscarinic

Atropine produces the following effects Decrease GI and GUT motility Decrease acid production Pupillary dilation A & C All

A & C

Cholinergic blockers that has the ability to enter the CNS Atropine Ipratropium Scopolamine A & C All

A & C

Which of the following may be use to overcome atropine toxicity at a low dose Physostigmine Scopolamine Tiotropium Cyclopentolate None

Physostigmine

The following are the action of atropine on the eyes Mydriasis Anti-motion sickness Cyclopegia A & C All

A & C

The following are the action of atropine exert on the GIT Reduce gastric motility Reduce hydrochloric acid production For treatment of ulcers All None

Reduce gastric motility

High dose of atropine in the heart will have the following effects Rapid heart rate Blurring of vision Palpitations A & C All

A & C

Main reasons why atropine was replaced by cyclopentolate and tropicamide Permits measurement of retractive errors Prolong mydriasis Interface the capacity of the eye A & C All

A & C

Preferred drug for pupillary dilation is cyclopedia is not required Cyclopentolate Phenylephrine Tropicamide A & C All

A & C

Which of the following agents are used in the treatment of insecticide or mushroom poisoning Scopolamine Nicotine Atropine A & C All

Atropine

The following statements are true with adrenergic antagonists. Trigger the usual receptor-mediated intracellular effects. Sympathomimetics Act either reversibly or irreversibly attaching to the adrenoceptors. A & C None

Act either reversibly or irreversibly attaching to the adrenoceptors.

Which of the following organ-systems in the human body is primarily managed or treated with adrenergic antagonists/blockers? Gastrointestinal Genito-urinary Cardiovascular Reproductive None

Cardiovascular

The following are the effects upon blockade of alpha 1 adrenoceptors. Profoundly affects blood pressure- Reduces sympathetic tone of blood vessels Decreases peripheral vascular resistance A&C All

A&C

A catecholamine-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla which is associated with sweating and hypertension and is treated with phenoxybenzamine. Raynaud's disease Pheochromocytoma Frostbite A&C All

Pheochromocytoma

Which of the following are selective competitive blockers of the alpha receptors? Prazosin Terazosin Doxazosin A& C All

All

Which of the following selective alpha 1 blockers which are indicated by the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia? Tamsulosin Alfuzosin Silodosin A&C All

All

Which of the following drugs can result in a “First -dose” effect ____ Phenoxybenamine Propranolol Phentolamine A & C NOne

A & C

Which of the following ways 'first dose' effect can be minimized? Give the drug at bedtime Double the dose Adjust dose to one third or one fourth of the normal dose A&C ALL

A&C

Which of the following is alpha 2 selective blocker? Yohimbine Prazosin Timolol Propranolol All

Yohimbine

Which of the cardioselective Beta blockers? Atenolol Propranolol Metoprolol A& C All

A& C

Which of the following is the reason why Beta blockers do not induce postural hypotension? Alpha adrenaceptors remain functional Lowers blood pressure Normal Sympathetic control of vasculature is maintained A&C All

Normal Sympathetic control of vasculature is maintained

Propranolol is contraindicated in which group of patients? COPD Hypertensives Asthma A&C All

A&C

The following are therapeutic uses of Propranolol. Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Migraine A&C All

All

Which of the following Nonselective Beta blocker/s is/are used for the treatment of chronic glaucoma? Nadolol Pilocarpine Timolol A&C AlI

Timolol

To provide effective antimicrobial therapy, the clinically obtained antibiotics concentration must be greater than T/F

True

The total amount of drug present in the serum is important in order for it to pass through the blood-brain barrier T/F

FALSE

True or false Newer drugs should be used initially to treat serious infections when the identity of the causative organism is still unknown to avoid resistance.

False

True or false Susceptibility testing is done to narrow the list of possible antimicrobials that could be used in empiric therapy

True

True or false Susceptibility testing does not predict the patient's response to the treatment.

False

Combination therapy enhances therapeutic efficacy by the use of synergistic interactions of antibiotics True or false

True

True or false Hydrophilic drugs tend to get concentrated in the cell membrane

False

True or false Alcoholism can affect the patient's immune competence, thus a higher-than- dose with shorter course of treatment is indicated. (

True

Antibiotic taken in by a nursing infant via the breast milk cannot cause adverse effect because the concentration of antibiotic in milk is usually low. True or false

False

True or false in patients with hepatic dysfunction, the dosage of antibiotic need not be because antibiotics are usually eliminated by the kidneys.

False