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Blood (m) Flashcards

1
Q

most common abnormality; formation of an unwanted clot within a blood vessel

A

Thrombosis

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2
Q

intravascular clot that floats in the blood

A

Embolus

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3
Q

failure of hemostasis

A

Bleeding

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4
Q

loss of blood, increased destruction of RBC or decreased production of RBC

A

Anemia

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5
Q

inhibit the coagulation of platelets

A

Antiplatelet Drugs

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6
Q

attenuate fibrin formation

A

Anticoagulants

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7
Q

degrade fibrin or dissolve the clot

A

Fibrinolytic Drugs

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8
Q

T/ F

All antithrombotic drugs increase the risk of bleeding

A

T

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9
Q

T/ F

Thrombus and emboli are dangerous because they may occlude the blood vessel and deprive tissues of oxygen and nutrients which may lead to myocardial infarction, cardiovascular accidents or stroke, and pulmonary embolism which are fatal conditions.

A

T

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10
Q

T/ F

prostaglandin I2 or prostacyclin binds to platelet receptors that are coupled to the synthesis of cAMP (second messenger).

A

T

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11
Q

regulates platelet-platelet interaction & thrombus formation

A

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor

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12
Q

inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis from arachidonic acid in platelets by blocking COX-1 → suppression of platelet aggregation

A

ASPIRIN

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13
Q

T/f

ASPIRIN
action on COX-1 is temporary, lasting for the life of the platelet (7-10 days)

A

False
(action on COX-1 is PERMANENT, lasting for the life of the platelet (7-10 days)

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14
Q

T/f

ASPIRIN

can be used in combination with other drugs having anti-clotting action

A

T

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15
Q

more potent

A

CLOPIDOGREL

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16
Q

in combination with Aspirin:
o superior to Aspirin alone for prevention of recurrent ischemia in patients with unstable angina

A

CLOPIDOGREL

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17
Q

lesser side effects than Ticlopidine

A

CLOPIDOGREL

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18
Q

T/f

food interferes with absorption of Ticlopidine but not with Clopidogrel

A

T

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19
Q

Fab fragment of humanized monoclonal Ab

A

ABCIXIMAB

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20
Q

T/f

ABCIXIMAB given through IV along with Heparin or Aspirin

A

T

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21
Q

increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP → decreasing
thromboxane A2 synthesis

A

DIPYRIDAMOLE

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22
Q

may potentiate the effect of prostacyclin in antagonizing platelet aggregation

A

DIPYRIDAMOLE

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23
Q

T/f

ANTICOAGULANTS

The extrinsic pathway is initiated by the activation of the clotting factor VII by tissue factor or thromboplastin

A

T

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24
Q

T/f

ANTICOAGULANTS

The intrinsic pathway is triggered by clotting factor XII.

A

T

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25
Q

is a glycoprotein that forms the mesh-like matrix of the blood clot.

A

fibrin

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26
Q

inhibit the action of coagulation factors (thrombin inhibitors)

A

Heparin

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27
Q

interfere with synthesis of coagulation factors (Vit. K antagonists)

A

Warfarin

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28
Q

T/F

Vitamin K is responsible for the synthesis of certain coagulation factors like factor II, VII, IX, and X.

A

T

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29
Q

found in secretory granules of mast cells

A

HEPARIN

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30
Q

T/ f

HEPARIN has no intrinsic anticoagulant activity

A

T

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31
Q

drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy (does not cross placenta barrier)

A

HEPARIN

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32
Q

given parenterally because it is not absorbed through GI mucosa

A

HEPARIN

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33
Q

→ limit expansion of thrombus by preventing fibrin formation
→ acute deep vein thrombosis & pulmonary embolism
→ used in extracorporeal devices to prevent thrombosis
→ prevention of post-op thrombosis in patients undergoing elective
surgery and in acute MI

A

HEPARIN

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34
Q

→ longer half-life in patients with hepatic cirrhosis

A

HEPARIN

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35
Q

→ excreted in urine PHARMACOKINETICS
→ does not cross placental barrier
→ degraded primarily by reticuloendothelial system (mononuclear
phagocytes)

A

HEPARIN

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36
Q

HEPARIN

ADVERSE EFFECTS
→ hemorrhage
(Txt)?

A

Protamine sulfate

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37
Q

T/ F

Protamine sulfate is given by IV infusion

A

T

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38
Q

T/ F

Protamine sulfate has no effect on Fondaparinux

39
Q

thrombin inhibitor derived from medicinal leech saliva)

40
Q

closely related to Hirudin

41
Q

→ directly inhibits thrombin
→ used prophylactically in patients with HIT (heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia)

A

ARGATROBAN

42
Q

→ selectively inhibits factor Xa
→ contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment

A

FONDAPARINUX

43
Q

initially used as a rodenticide

44
Q

→ inhibits Vitamin K epoxide
→ production of clotting factors with diminished activity

45
Q

T/ F

Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X require Vitamin K as cofactor for their synthesis in the liver.

46
Q

crosses the placental barrier

47
Q

purple toe syndrome

**reversible but sometimes painful blue-tinge discoloration on the plantar surface and sides of the toes that blanches with pressure

48
Q

directly or indirectly convert plasminogen to plasmin → lysis of thrombus

A

THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS

49
Q

T/ F

THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS administered through IV

50
Q

“fibrin-selective”

51
Q

has low affinity for plasminogen in plasma but rapidly activates
plasminogen down to fibrin in a thrombus or hemostatic plug

52
Q

protein derived from B-hemolytic streptococci

A

STREPTOKINASE

53
Q

forms an active one-on-one complex with plasminogen →
converts uncomplexed plasminogen to plasmin → lysis of fibrin plugs and catalyzes degradation of fibrinogen, clotting factors V & VII

A

STREPTOKINASE

54
Q

reduce bleeding after prostatic surgery or after tooth
extraction in hemophiliacs

A

AMINOCAPROIC ACID & TRANEXAMIC ACID

55
Q

→ mode of action:
o competes for lysine binding sites on plasminogen & plasmin,
blocking the interaction of plasmin with fibrin
→ potent inhibitor of fibrinolysis

A

AMINOCAPROIC ACID & TRANEXAMIC ACID

56
Q

→ antagonizes the anticoagulant effect of Heparin
→ binds tightly to Heparin & neutralizes its effect
→ interacts with platelets and fibrinogen

A

PROTAMINE SULFATE

57
Q

partially reverses the anticoagulant activity of LMWHs
o no effect on Fondaparinux

A

PROTAMINE SULFATE

58
Q

correct bleeding tendency associated with its deficiency

59
Q

blocks plasmin

60
Q

→ inhibits streptokinase
→ prophylactic use to reduce blood loss & the need for blood
transfusion in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

61
Q

Fe deficiency:
o acute/chronic blood loss

62
Q

occurs when there is low plasma hemoglobin concentration resulting in the decrease of number of circulating RBCs or a low total hemoglobin content per unit of volume

63
Q

folate deficiency:
o increase in demand of folic acid such as in pregnancy or
lactation
o poor absorption
o alcoholism
o drugs that are dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors

A

FOLIC ACID

64
Q

T/F

folic acid is well-absorbed in the intestines, particularly in the jejunum

65
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

FOLIC ACID

66
Q

T/ F

Parietal cells not only secrete gastric acid but also the intrinsic factor which are needed in the absorption of vitamin B12.

67
Q

T/ F

erythropoietin can be given through IM, once a week

68
Q

→ stimulate the production of RBCs in the bone marrow
→ can be used in the treatment of:
o anemia caused by end-stage renal disease
o anemia associated with HIV infection
o anemia in some cancer patients

A

ERYTHROPOIETIN & DARBEPOETIN

69
Q

T/ F

End-stage renal disease can be manifested as anemia because erythropoietin is produced by the epithelial cells of the peritubular capillaries in the kidney.

70
Q

ASPIRIN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

71
Q

TICLOPIDINE

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

72
Q

CLOPIDOGREL

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

73
Q

ABCIXIMAB

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

74
Q

EPTIFIBATIDE

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

75
Q

TIROFIBAN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

76
Q

DIPYRIDAMOLE

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

77
Q

HEPARIN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

78
Q

LEPIRUDIN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

79
Q

ARGATROBAN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

80
Q

FONDAPARINUX

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

81
Q

WARFARIN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

82
Q

ALTEPLASE

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

83
Q

STREPTOKINASE

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

84
Q

AMINOCAPROIC ACID

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

85
Q

TRANEXAMIC ACID

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

86
Q

PROTAMINE SULFATE

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

87
Q

VITAMIN K

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

88
Q

APROTININ

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

89
Q

IRON

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

90
Q

FOLIC ACID

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

91
Q

VITAMIN B12

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

92
Q

ERYTHROPOIETIN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

93
Q

DARBEPOETIN

A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA

PHARMA (15 decks)

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