Blood (m) Flashcards
1
Q
most common abnormality; formation of an unwanted clot within a blood vessel
A
Thrombosis
2
Q
intravascular clot that floats in the blood
A
Embolus
3
Q
failure of hemostasis
A
Bleeding
4
Q
loss of blood, increased destruction of RBC or decreased production of RBC
A
Anemia
5
Q
inhibit the coagulation of platelets
A
Antiplatelet Drugs
6
Q
attenuate fibrin formation
A
Anticoagulants
7
Q
degrade fibrin or dissolve the clot
A
Fibrinolytic Drugs
8
Q
T/ F
All antithrombotic drugs increase the risk of bleeding
A
T
9
Q
T/ F
Thrombus and emboli are dangerous because they may occlude the blood vessel and deprive tissues of oxygen and nutrients which may lead to myocardial infarction, cardiovascular accidents or stroke, and pulmonary embolism which are fatal conditions.
A
T
10
Q
T/ F
prostaglandin I2 or prostacyclin binds to platelet receptors that are coupled to the synthesis of cAMP (second messenger).
A
T
11
Q
regulates platelet-platelet interaction & thrombus formation
A
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor
12
Q
inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis from arachidonic acid in platelets by blocking COX-1 → suppression of platelet aggregation
A
ASPIRIN
13
Q
T/f
ASPIRIN
action on COX-1 is temporary, lasting for the life of the platelet (7-10 days)
A
False
(action on COX-1 is PERMANENT, lasting for the life of the platelet (7-10 days)
14
Q
T/f
ASPIRIN
can be used in combination with other drugs having anti-clotting action
A
T
15
Q
more potent
A
CLOPIDOGREL
16
Q
in combination with Aspirin:
o superior to Aspirin alone for prevention of recurrent ischemia in patients with unstable angina
A
CLOPIDOGREL
17
Q
lesser side effects than Ticlopidine
A
CLOPIDOGREL
18
Q
T/f
food interferes with absorption of Ticlopidine but not with Clopidogrel
A
T
19
Q
Fab fragment of humanized monoclonal Ab
A
ABCIXIMAB
20
Q
T/f
ABCIXIMAB given through IV along with Heparin or Aspirin
A
T
21
Q
increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP → decreasing
thromboxane A2 synthesis
A
DIPYRIDAMOLE
22
Q
may potentiate the effect of prostacyclin in antagonizing platelet aggregation
A
DIPYRIDAMOLE
23
Q
T/f
ANTICOAGULANTS
The extrinsic pathway is initiated by the activation of the clotting factor VII by tissue factor or thromboplastin
A
T
24
Q
T/f
ANTICOAGULANTS
The intrinsic pathway is triggered by clotting factor XII.
A
T
25
is a glycoprotein that forms the mesh-like matrix of the blood clot.
fibrin
26
inhibit the action of coagulation factors (thrombin inhibitors)
Heparin
27
interfere with synthesis of coagulation factors (Vit. K antagonists)
Warfarin
28
T/F
Vitamin K is responsible for the synthesis of certain coagulation factors like factor II, VII, IX, and X.
T
29
found in secretory granules of mast cells
HEPARIN
30
T/ f
HEPARIN has no intrinsic anticoagulant activity
T
31
drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy (does not cross placenta barrier)
HEPARIN
32
given parenterally because it is not absorbed through GI mucosa
HEPARIN
33
→ limit expansion of thrombus by preventing fibrin formation
→ acute deep vein thrombosis & pulmonary embolism
→ used in extracorporeal devices to prevent thrombosis
→ prevention of post-op thrombosis in patients undergoing elective
surgery and in acute MI
HEPARIN
34
→ longer half-life in patients with hepatic cirrhosis
HEPARIN
35
→ excreted in urine PHARMACOKINETICS
→ does not cross placental barrier
→ degraded primarily by reticuloendothelial system (mononuclear
phagocytes)
HEPARIN
36
HEPARIN
ADVERSE EFFECTS
→ hemorrhage
(Txt)?
Protamine sulfate
37
T/ F
Protamine sulfate is given by IV infusion
T
38
T/ F
Protamine sulfate has no effect on Fondaparinux
T
39
thrombin inhibitor derived from medicinal leech saliva)
Hirudin
40
closely related to Hirudin
LEPIRUDIN
41
→ directly inhibits thrombin
→ used prophylactically in patients with HIT (heparin-induced
thrombocytopenia)
ARGATROBAN
42
→ selectively inhibits factor Xa
→ contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment
FONDAPARINUX
43
initially used as a rodenticide
WARFARIN
44
→ inhibits Vitamin K epoxide
→ production of clotting factors with diminished activity
WARFARIN
45
T/ F
Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X require Vitamin K as cofactor for their synthesis in the liver.
T
46
crosses the placental barrier
WARFARIN
47
purple toe syndrome
**reversible but sometimes painful blue-tinge discoloration on the plantar surface and sides of the toes that blanches with pressure
WARFARIN
48
directly or indirectly convert plasminogen to plasmin → lysis of thrombus
THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
49
T/ F
THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS administered through IV
T
50
“fibrin-selective”
ALTEPLASE
51
has low affinity for plasminogen in plasma but rapidly activates
plasminogen down to fibrin in a thrombus or hemostatic plug
ALTEPLASE
52
protein derived from B-hemolytic streptococci
STREPTOKINASE
53
forms an active one-on-one complex with plasminogen →
converts uncomplexed plasminogen to plasmin → lysis of fibrin plugs and catalyzes degradation of fibrinogen, clotting factors V & VII
STREPTOKINASE
54
reduce bleeding after prostatic surgery or after tooth
extraction in hemophiliacs
AMINOCAPROIC ACID & TRANEXAMIC ACID
55
→ mode of action:
o competes for lysine binding sites on plasminogen & plasmin,
blocking the interaction of plasmin with fibrin
→ potent inhibitor of fibrinolysis
AMINOCAPROIC ACID & TRANEXAMIC ACID
56
→ antagonizes the anticoagulant effect of Heparin
→ binds tightly to Heparin & neutralizes its effect
→ interacts with platelets and fibrinogen
PROTAMINE SULFATE
57
partially reverses the anticoagulant activity of LMWHs
o no effect on Fondaparinux
PROTAMINE SULFATE
58
correct bleeding tendency associated with its deficiency
VITAMIN K
59
blocks plasmin
APROTININ
60
→ inhibits streptokinase
→ prophylactic use to reduce blood loss & the need for blood
transfusion in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
APROTININ
61
Fe deficiency:
o acute/chronic blood loss
IRON
62
occurs when there is low plasma hemoglobin concentration resulting in the decrease of number of circulating RBCs or a low total hemoglobin content per unit of volume
IRON
63
folate deficiency:
o increase in demand of folic acid such as in pregnancy or
lactation
o poor absorption
o alcoholism
o drugs that are dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors
FOLIC ACID
64
T/F
folic acid is well-absorbed in the intestines, particularly in the jejunum
T
65
megaloblastic anemia
FOLIC ACID
66
T/ F
Parietal cells not only secrete gastric acid but also the intrinsic factor which are needed in the absorption of vitamin B12.
T
67
T/ F
erythropoietin can be given through IM, once a week
T
68
→ stimulate the production of RBCs in the bone marrow
→ can be used in the treatment of:
o anemia caused by end-stage renal disease
o anemia associated with HIV infection
o anemia in some cancer patients
ERYTHROPOIETIN & DARBEPOETIN
69
T/ F
End-stage renal disease can be manifested as anemia because erythropoietin is produced by the epithelial cells of the peritubular capillaries in the kidney.
T
70
ASPIRIN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
A
71
TICLOPIDINE
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
A
72
CLOPIDOGREL
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
A
73
ABCIXIMAB
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
A
74
EPTIFIBATIDE
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
A
75
TIROFIBAN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
A
76
DIPYRIDAMOLE
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
A
77
HEPARIN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
B
78
LEPIRUDIN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
C
79
ARGATROBAN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
C
80
FONDAPARINUX
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
C
81
WARFARIN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
B
82
ALTEPLASE
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
D
83
STREPTOKINASE
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
D
84
AMINOCAPROIC ACID
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
E
85
TRANEXAMIC ACID
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
E
86
PROTAMINE SULFATE
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
E
87
VITAMIN K
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
E
88
APROTININ
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
E
89
IRON
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
F
90
FOLIC ACID
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
F
91
VITAMIN B12
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
F
92
ERYTHROPOIETIN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
F
93
DARBEPOETIN
A. PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS
B. ANTICOAGULANTS
C. OTHER PARENTERAL ANTICOAGULANTS
D. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
E. DRUGS USED TO TREAT BLEEDING
F. DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANEMIA
F
