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PHARMA > DIURETICS (m) > Flashcards

DIURETICS (m) Flashcards

1
Q

drugs inducing a state of increased urine flow

A

DIURETICS

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2
Q

agents that increase urine volume

o managing disorders involving abnormal fluid retention (edema) or treating HPN in which diuretics cause a decrease in blood volume → decrease BP

A

DIURETICS

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3
Q

increase in renal sodium excretion

A

Natriuretic

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4
Q

increases in excretion of solute-free water

A

Aquaretic

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5
Q

→ kidney is damaged by disease
→ loss of protein from plasma

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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6
Q

EDEMATOUS STATES

A

Heart Failure

Hepatic Ascites

Nephrotic Syndrome

Premenstrual Edema

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7
Q

NON-EDEMATOUS STATES

A

Hypertension

Nephrolithiasis
Hypercalcemia
Diabetes Insipidus

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8
Q

thiazide diuretic

A

Hypertension

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9
Q

predominant in the epithelial cells of the PCT

A

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

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10
Q

MODE OF ACTION
→ inhibit carbonic anhydrase located intracellularly & on apical membrane of proximal tubular epithelium

A

Acetazolamide

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11
Q

→ treatment of glaucoma (chronic)
→ prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness

A

Acetazolamide

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12
Q

TOXICITY
→ renal stones

→ renal potassium wasting

→ drowsiness, paresthesias, hypersensitivity reactions, tinnitus, alteration of taste

A

Acetazolamide

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13
Q

→ most widely used
→ affect the distal tubule

A

THIAZIDES

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14
Q

“ceiling diuretic”

A

THIAZIDES

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15
Q

there is no reabsorption only excretion

A

THIAZIDES

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16
Q

hypertension
o first-line for treatment of essential hypertension
o not more than 25 mg per day
o can be used as monotherapy

A

THIAZIDES

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17
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS
K depletion (most frequent)

A

THIAZIDES

18
Q

act most specifically on the ascending thick limb

A

LOOP DIURETICS

19
Q

Furosemide

A

LOOP DIURETICS

20
Q

→ decrease renal vascular resistance & increase renal blood flow
→ increase prostaglandin synthesis

A

LOOP DIURETICS

21
Q

acute pulmonary edema of heart failure
o drug of choice

A

LOOP DIURETICS

22
Q

THERAPEUTIC USES

anion overdose

A

LOOP DIURETICS

23
Q

ADVERSE EFFECTS
→ ototoxicity in the form of hearing loss or deafness which is reversible particularly when used with aminoglycoside antibiotics

A

LOOP DIURETICS

24
Q

major use:
o treatment of hypertension

A

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

25
Q

act on collecting tubules to inhibit Na reabsorption & K excretion

A

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

26
Q

Spironolactone

A

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

27
Q

Eplerenone

A

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

28
Q

THERAPEUTIC USES
→ diuretic choice in patients with hepatic cirrhosis
→ secondary hyperaldosteronism
→ heart failure
→ prevent hypokalemia

A

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

29
Q

rapidly converted to active metabolites (Canrenone,
Canrenoate)

A

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

30
Q

direct inhibitors of Na influx in cortical collecting tubules

A

AMILORIDE & TRIAMTERENE

31
Q

used to decrease intracranial pressure & to promote prompt removal of renal toxins

A

OSMOTIC DIURETICS

32
Q

→ prototype drug
→ have major effect in proximal tubule & descending limb of the
loop of Henle

A

MANNITOL

33
Q

T/ F

MANNITOL is administered through IV route

A

T

34
Q

Acetazolamide

A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
B. THIAZIDES
C. LOOP DIURETICS
D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

A

A

35
Q

Chlorothiazide

A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
B. THIAZIDES
C. LOOP DIURETICS
D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

A

B

36
Q

Furosemide

A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
B. THIAZIDES
C. LOOP DIURETICS
D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

A

C

37
Q

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
B. THIAZIDES
C. LOOP DIURETICS
D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

A

D

38
Q

AMILORIDE

A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
B. THIAZIDES
C. LOOP DIURETICS
D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

A

D

39
Q

TRIAMTERENE

A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
B. THIAZIDES
C. LOOP DIURETICS
D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

A

D

40
Q

MANNITOL

A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
B. THIAZIDES
C. LOOP DIURETICS
D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

A

E

PHARMA (15 decks)

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