DIURETICS (m)

Question 1

drugs inducing a state of increased urine flow

Answer 1

DIURETICS

Question 2

agents that increase urine volume

o managing disorders involving abnormal fluid retention (edema) or treating HPN in which diuretics cause a decrease in blood volume → decrease BP

Answer 2

DIURETICS

Question 3

increase in renal sodium excretion

Answer 3

Natriuretic

Question 4

increases in excretion of solute-free water

Answer 4

Aquaretic

Question 5

→ kidney is damaged by disease
→ loss of protein from plasma

Answer 5

Nephrotic Syndrome

Question 6

EDEMATOUS STATES

Answer 6

Heart Failure

Hepatic Ascites

Nephrotic Syndrome

Premenstrual Edema

Question 7

NON-EDEMATOUS STATES

Answer 7

Hypertension

Nephrolithiasis
Hypercalcemia
Diabetes Insipidus

Question 8

thiazide diuretic

Answer 8

Hypertension

Question 9

predominant in the epithelial cells of the PCT

Answer 9

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS

Question 10

MODE OF ACTION
→ inhibit carbonic anhydrase located intracellularly & on apical membrane of proximal tubular epithelium

Answer 10

Acetazolamide

Question 11

→ treatment of glaucoma (chronic)
→ prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness

Answer 11

Acetazolamide

Question 12

TOXICITY
→ renal stones

→ renal potassium wasting

→ drowsiness, paresthesias, hypersensitivity reactions, tinnitus, alteration of taste

Answer 12

Acetazolamide

Question 13

→ most widely used
→ affect the distal tubule

Answer 13

THIAZIDES

Question 14

“ceiling diuretic”

Answer 14

THIAZIDES

Question 15

there is no reabsorption only excretion

Answer 15

THIAZIDES

Question 16

hypertension
o first-line for treatment of essential hypertension
o not more than 25 mg per day
o can be used as monotherapy

Answer 16

THIAZIDES

Question 17

ADVERSE EFFECTS
K depletion (most frequent)

Answer 17

THIAZIDES

Question 18

act most specifically on the ascending thick limb

Answer 18

LOOP DIURETICS

Question 19

Furosemide

Answer 19

LOOP DIURETICS

Question 20

→ decrease renal vascular resistance & increase renal blood flow
→ increase prostaglandin synthesis

Answer 20

LOOP DIURETICS

Question 21

acute pulmonary edema of heart failure
o drug of choice

Answer 21

LOOP DIURETICS

Question 22

THERAPEUTIC USES

anion overdose

Answer 22

LOOP DIURETICS

Question 23

ADVERSE EFFECTS
→ ototoxicity in the form of hearing loss or deafness which is reversible particularly when used with aminoglycoside antibiotics

Answer 23

LOOP DIURETICS

Question 24

major use:
o treatment of hypertension

Answer 24

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

Question 25

act on collecting tubules to inhibit Na reabsorption & K excretion

Answer 25

POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS

Question 26

Spironolactone

Answer 26

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

Question 27

Eplerenone

Answer 27

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

Question 28

THERAPEUTIC USES → diuretic choice in patients with hepatic cirrhosis → secondary hyperaldosteronism → heart failure → prevent hypokalemia

Answer 28

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

Question 29

rapidly converted to active metabolites (Canrenone, Canrenoate)

Answer 29

Spironolactone, Eplerenone

Question 30

direct inhibitors of Na influx in cortical collecting tubules

Answer 30

AMILORIDE & TRIAMTERENE

Question 31

used to decrease intracranial pressure & to promote prompt removal of renal toxins

Answer 31

OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Question 32

→ prototype drug → have major effect in proximal tubule & descending limb of the loop of Henle

Answer 32

MANNITOL

Question 33

T/ F MANNITOL is administered through IV route

Answer 33

T

Question 34

Acetazolamide A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS B. THIAZIDES C. LOOP DIURETICS D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Answer 34

A

Question 35

Chlorothiazide A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS B. THIAZIDES C. LOOP DIURETICS D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Answer 35

B

Question 36

Furosemide A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS B. THIAZIDES C. LOOP DIURETICS D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Answer 36

C

Question 37

ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS B. THIAZIDES C. LOOP DIURETICS D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Answer 37

D

Question 38

AMILORIDE A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS B. THIAZIDES C. LOOP DIURETICS D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Answer 38

D

Question 39

TRIAMTERENE A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS B. THIAZIDES C. LOOP DIURETICS D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Answer 39

D

Question 40

MANNITOL A. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS B. THIAZIDES C. LOOP DIURETICS D. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS E. OSMOTIC DIURETICS

Answer 40

E