Quantum Mechanics Flashcards
Quantum chemistry and its application to spectroscopy
Classical experiments
Principle of quantum mechanics
Molecular orbital theory
Molecular spectroscopy
Black body radiation
Thermal electromagnetic radiation within or surrounding a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment, or emitted by a blackbody
Radiant excitance
Glowing radiation caused by the heating up a a material i.e. Tungsten filament
Blackbody
A perfect absorber that is a substance that absorbs all frequencies of light and emits none; it would be black
Quanta
Discrete units of light energy; the energy of a quantum was directly proportional to a frequency of an oscillator; E = hv
Photoelectric effect
e- are mutter from a metal when the metal is irradiated with visible/ UV radiation
Photoelectric effect 1st observation
Below a given cutoff frequency of incident radiation, no e- were ejected from the metal surface, no matter how intense the radiation
Photoelectric effect 2nd observation
Above the cutoff frequency, the # of e- emitted was directly proportional to the intensity of the radiation
Photoelectric effect 3rd observation
As the frequency of the incident radiation increased, the maximum velocity of the ejected e- increased
Photons
Light particles
Einsteins Equation for photoelectric effect
ha = 1/2•mv^2 + w, w = working energy, 1/2•mv^2 = kinetic energy of emitted electron
Dual nature of radiation
Light can be both a particle and a wave; wavelength = h/p = h/mv,
p = momentum, h = Planck’s constant
Planck’s constant
6.626x10^-34 J/s
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
It is impossible to simultaneously measure the momentum and position of a particle such as an e-, because performing one measurement would disturb the particle and prevent the accurate measurement of the 2nd quantity
Heisenberg uncertainty principle expression
dq•dp > h/4pi; the product of the uncertainty of the position (dq) and the uncertainty of the momentum (dp) is greater than h/4pi