Acid Base Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhenius acid

A

Acids that produce H+

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2
Q

Arrhenius Base

A

Bases that produce OH-

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3
Q

Lewis acids

A

Atom or compounds that accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

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4
Q

Lewis bases

A

Atom or compound that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond

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5
Q

Lowry-Bronsted Acid

A

are proton donors

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6
Q

Lowry-Bronsted Bases

A

are proton acceptors

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7
Q

Amphoteric

A

Molecules that donate or accept protons in response to whatever else is in solution

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8
Q

Strong acid and bases

A

Completely dissociates in solution

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9
Q

Strong acids

A

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4

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10
Q

Strong Bases

A

LiOH, NaOH, KOH

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11
Q

Weak acids and bases

A

Acids that undergo partial, reversible dissociation

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12
Q

Weak acids

A

An acid that isn’t one of the six strong acids

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13
Q

Weak base

A

A base that isn’t one of the strong bases

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14
Q

Conjugate acid base pair

A

A conjugate pair is made up of two molecules that have identical molecular formulas, except that one of them has an additional H+

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15
Q

Conjugate acid

A

A member of a conjugate pair having an extra H+

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16
Q

Conjugate base

A

A member of a conjugate pair having one fewer H+

17
Q

The conjugate acid of a strong base is:

A

Neutral

18
Q

The conjugate base of a strong acid is:

A

Neutral

19
Q

The conjugate acid of a weak base is:

A

An acid

20
Q

The conjugate base of a weak acid is:

A

A base

21
Q

Buffer

A

A buffer must consist of a conjugate pair of a weak acid and weak base

22
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

A

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

pOH = pKb + log([HA]/[A-])

23
Q

Important rule about buffers

A

Diluting or concentration a buffered solution DOES NOT change its pH

24
Q

Titrant

A

Strong base or acid of known identity and concentration that is added to an unknown acid or base solution

25
Q

Equivalence point

A

Point when no unreacted titrant or unknown base/acid remain in solution only their conjugated do; it’s the steepest part of the curve

26
Q

If pH at equivalence point is above 7

A

Then the unknown is a strong

27
Q

If the pH at equivalence point is greater or less

A

The unknown is weak

28
Q

Half equivalence point

A

Point when enough titrant has been added to neutralize exactly 1/2 of the original acid or base; pH = pKa

29
Q

Acid base indicators

A

Substances that change color in a pH range of +/- 1 of their pKa

30
Q

Titrant

A

Strong base or acid of known identity and concentration that is added to an unknown acid or base solution

31
Q

Equivalence point

A

Point when no unreacted titrant or unknown base/acid remain in solution only their conjugated do; it’s the steepest part of the curve

32
Q

If pH at equivalence point is above 7

A

Then the unknown is a strong

33
Q

If the pH at equivalence point is greater or less

A

The unknown is weak

34
Q

Half equivalence point

A

Point when enough titrant has been added to neutralize exactly 1/2 of the original acid or base; pH = pKa

35
Q

Acid base indicators

A

Substances that change color in a pH range of +/- 1 of their pKa