Inorganic Chemistry- Special Topics

Question 1

Transmetallation

Answer 1

M + M’R -> MR + M’, where M is a metal that is more electropositive than M’

Question 2

Double displacement

Answer 2

MR + EX -> MX + ER, where E is a p-block element metalloid and M is more electropositive than E

Question 3

Hydrometallation

Answer 3

MH + H2C=CH2 -> MH2C-CH3, in the case of unsymmetrical Allene’s, the M group attaches to the less hindered carbon atom, and the smaller H attaches to the most hindered C

Question 4

S block elements form organometallic compounds that have what type of bonds?

Answer 4

Highly polar M+-C- bonds; the ionic character of these bonds increases for the heavier elements

Question 5

Polarity of s-block organometallics vs group 3 organometallics

Answer 5

Group 3 organometallic compounds are more polar in nature

Question 6

Group 3 nucleophilic character trend:

Answer 6

AlR3>GaR3>BR3; BR3 & GaR3 compounds are unassociated planar trigonal molecules

Question 7

Group 4 organometallic polarity

Answer 7

Not very polar and organometallic compounds are electron-poor

Question 8

Group 4 organometallic geometry

Answer 8

Tetrahedral

Question 9

Group 4 organometallic resistance to hydrolysis

Answer 9

Resistance is due to low polarity of their bonds and the steric hinderance around the center atom

Question 10

Group 5 organometallic geometry

Answer 10

Trigonal pyramidal

Question 11

Group 5 organometallic compounds electron density

Answer 11

Electron rich; Lewis basicity arises due to the presence of a lone pair of e- on the center atom

Question 12

Hapticity

Answer 12

The # of atoms of a ligand that are attached to a metal atom; ranges from 1-8

Question 13

Group 6, 7, & 8 organometallic compounds generally have

Answer 13

18 valence electrons around their central metal atom

Question 14

Toxic organometallic compounds

Answer 14

Organomercury, organoptin, organolead, organoarsenic, organosilicon

Question 15

Biomethylation

Answer 15

Creation of organometallic compounds created in the environment starting from inorganic precursors

Question 16

Catalyst

Answer 16

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed; they act by lowering the activation energy of rxns

Question 17

Homogenous catalysis

Answer 17

The catalyst and reagents are present in the same phase

Question 18

Heterogeneous catalysis

Answer 18

The catalyst is present in a phase different from that of the reactants; solids and are usually easily separated from the products of the rxns

Question 19

Turnover frequency

Answer 19

N, the ratio of he rate of rxn (v) over the concentration of the catalyst [C] in a homogenous catalyst or the amount of catalyst in a heterogeneous catalyst

Question 20

Four distinct characteristics of catalytic process

Answer 20

1. ) must be thermodynamically favorable
2. ) fast enough to be useful
3. ) catalyst = selective and yield high proportion of desired product
4. ) have a long lifetime and not be altered over many rxns

Question 21

Homogenous Catalytic process of hydrocarbon formation

Answer 21

1. ) coordination and issociation of reactants and catalyst
2. ) migration
3. ) nuchleophilic attack
4. ) oxidation and reduction
5. ) oxidative addition

Question 22

Materials chemistry

Answer 22

Solid state chemistry; the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of solid materials

Question 23

Defect structure

Answer 23

Aspect of solids that affect properties such as electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, corrosion, and chemical reactivity

Question 24

Point defects

Answer 24

Occur at single sites; can be intrinsic or extrinsic

Question 25

Extended defects

Answer 25

occur in 1, 2, or 3 dimensions; can be intrinsic or extrinsic

Question 26

Intrinsic defects

Answer 26

Present for strictly thermodynamic reasons: the presence of defects I. Solids introduces disorder increasing entropy of the system

Question 27

Two types of intrinsic defects

Answer 27

Schottky defect

Frenkel defect

Question 28

Schottky defect

Answer 28

Corresponds to a. Vacancy; a point defect in which an atom or ion is missing from the usual site

Question 29

Frenkel defect

Answer 29

A point defect in which an atom or ion has been displaced from to an interstitial site in the lattice

Question 30

Extrinsic defects

Answer 30

Can be controlled by synthetic conditions and purification of the solid

Question 31

Optical properties

Answer 31

Introduced via extrinsic defects; they change the way light passes through a solid

Question 32

Superconductors

Answer 32

Possess the ability to conduct electricity without resistance; have structures related to that of perovskites