Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mycology > Q5: Oomycota & Fungal Decomposition > Flashcards

Q5: Oomycota & Fungal Decomposition Flashcards

1
Q

Phytophthora, downy mildews, and white rusts are a part of which order?

A

Peronosporales.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The majority of the Oomycota are (terrestrial/aquatic).

A

Aquatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In Pythium species, zoospores are produced in _____.

A

A vesicle expelled from the sporangium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the male and female gametangia in the Oomycota?

A

Male: antheridium, female: oogonium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In Saprolegniales, the antheridia morphology is _____.

A

Hyphal-like.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

(T/F) The somatic thallus of oomycetes is haploid.

A

False, diploid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What sporangial features distinguish Peronosporalean oomycetes from Saprolegniales?

A

Sporangia are more distinctive (seldom appear as “inflated hyphae”), are often borne on specialized sporangiophores, and sporangia can often detach from sporangiophores to aid in dispersal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(T/F) The somatic thallus of oomycetes is diploid.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(T/F) Oomycetes have cells wall comprised of mainly chitin.

A

False, mainly beta glucans (cellulose).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main ecological niche of the Saprolegniales?

A

Saprotrophs, feeding on decaying plant matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is sapwood decay mostly associated with dead, rather than living, trees?

A

Although it is chemically less resistant to decay, it is generally to wet to facilitate decay.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main ecological niche of most of the major groups of the Oomycota?

A

Pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the major ecological niches of the Oomycota?

A

Pathogens & saprobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The main ecological niche of the Pythiales.

A

Necrotrophic pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do the biochemical pathways of Oomycota compare with those of the Kingdom Fungi?

A

Many different pathways, particularly in sterol and amino acid synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the life cycle of the Oomycota, what stages are haploid?

A

The gametes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The mitochondria of oomycetes are (plate-like/tubular).

A

Tubular.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ecological niches of the genus Pythium.

A

Plant pathogens or saprobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is heart rot important ecologically?

A

It provides important habitat for wildlife, like woodpeckers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

White rust sporangia morphology.

A

Spherical sporangia produced in compact chains on sporangiophores.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A process in which the white rot fungus is used in the pulping process to remove lignin during paper manufacturing.

A

Biopulping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fungal wood decay in which all cell wall components are enzymatically degraded. Primarily performed by Basidiomycota (some Ascomycota).

A

White rot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In the Oomycota, the sexual phase is predominantly (haploid/diploid).

A

Diploid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In Saprolegniales, the primary zoospores have (anterior/lateral) flagella and are (strong/poor) swimmers.

A

Anterior; poor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A species that exhibits two stages of zoospore emergence in the life cycle.

A

Diplanetic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is unique about the sporangia in downy mildews?

A

They can serve as spores that produce germ tubes to directly start new infections (without zoospores).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In Saprolegnia, infection occurs in which stage?

A

Germination of the secondary cysts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

(T/F) The somatic thallus of Oomycota is hyphal.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Peronosporalean oomycetes produce what kinds of zoospores?

A

Only secondary-type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What ecological feature distinguishes Peronosporalean oomycetes from Saprolegniales?

A

Most species are biotrophic or necrotrophic pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

(T/F) The sexual spores of Oomycota are zoospores.

A

False, the asexual spores are zoospores and the sexual spores are thick-walled resting spores.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The life cycle of the Oomycota is predominantly (haploid/diploid).

A

Diploid.

33
Q

(T/F) Oomycetes are strictly heterotrophic and display absorptive nutrition.

A

True

34
Q

(T/F) Oomycetes mitochondria have similar cristae to those in the Kingdom Fungi.

A

False, they have tubular rather than plate-like cristae.

35
Q

What are the types of spores in Saprolegniales?

A

Primary/secondary zoospores and oospores.

36
Q

In Saprolegniales, the secondary zoospores have (anterior/lateral) flagella and are (strong/poor) swimmers.

A

Lateral; strong

37
Q

What key features distinguish Pythiales from Peronosporales?

A

Hyphae-like sporangiophores, indeterminate (unlimited) growth.

38
Q

What structure do Phytophthora species use to penetrate and infect host tissues?

A

Germ tube.

39
Q

What are oospheres?

A

The female gametes produced in the oogonium.

40
Q

What characterizes the Stramenopila?

A

Biflagellate zoospores in which flagella are distinguished by having a long hollow shaft that gives rise to a small number of fine hairs.

41
Q

In Saprolegniales, what are the male gametes?

A

Nuclei produced in antheridia.

42
Q

What mainly comprises the cell walls of oomycetes?

A

Beta glucans (cellulose).

43
Q

A process in which white rot fungi are used to degrade pollutants in contaminated soils.

A

Bioremediation.

44
Q

What shape are the sporangia of Phytophthora species?

A

Pear to lemon-shaped.

45
Q

What distinguishes the fungal-like phyla within Stramenopila from its other members?

A

They lack chlorophyll and are morphologically and ecologically similar to members of the Kingdom Fungi.

46
Q

The moisture range of fungal decay of wood.

A

20-60%.

47
Q

What is the term for parasites that kill host tissue then act as saprobes?

A

Necrotrophic parasites.

48
Q

What feature of the oogonium distinguishes Peronosporalean oomycetes from Saprolegniales?

A

Only one oospore in each oogonium.

49
Q

The structural wood of a tree that is comprised of dead cells with many chemical compounds that inhibit some decay fungi.

A

Heartwood.

50
Q

What is the ecological niche of Saprolegnia?

A

Fish parasite.

51
Q

Fertilization of the oosphere gives rise to ______.

A

An oospore.

52
Q

In Saprolegniales, after zoospore release from the sporangia a new sporangium develops from the _____.

A

Prior sporangial septum.

53
Q

The wood of a tree where water transport and carbohydrate storage/transport take place. Less resistant to decay.

A

Sapwood.

54
Q

In the Saprolegniales, what hormones signal the development of gametangia?

A

Antheridiol for antheridia, oogonial for oogonia.

55
Q

(T/F) Oomycetes inhabit similar environments as Fungi.

A

True, aquatic to terrestrial.

56
Q

What are the main ecological niches of the Saprlegniales?

A

Saprobes and animal/plant pathogens.

57
Q

A polymer of various sugars, including xylose, mannose, and galactose, in short chains. 20-40% of dry weight of wood.

A

Hemicellulose.

58
Q

(T/F) Oomycetes produce both sexual and asexual spores.

A

True

59
Q

What is biopulping?

A

A process in which the white rot fungus is used in the pulping process to remove lignin during paper manufacturing.

60
Q

(T/F) The zoospores of Oomycota are similar to those within the Kingdom Fungi.

A

False, they are biflagellate.

61
Q

Most species in the Saprolegniales are found in what ecosystems?

A

Freshwater, with a few groups in marine and some in soil.

62
Q

The sporangia of Saprolegnia produce _____ zoospores.

A

Primary.

63
Q

A polymer of aromatic alcohols and phenolic compounds with very complex structure. 20-35% of dry weight of wood.

A

Lignin.

64
Q

In Saprolegniales, the oogonia morphology is _____.

A

Large and globose.

65
Q

A type of wood decay in which only cellulose and hemicellulose are degraded. Performed exclusively by Basidiomycota.

A

Brown rot.

66
Q

In the Saprolegniales, meiosis occurs in ______.

A

The gametangia.

67
Q

A species that exhibits multiple zoospore emergences.

A

Polyplanetic.

68
Q

A type of wood rot in which only cellulose is degraded. Performed by Ascomycota or bacteria.

A

Soft rot.

69
Q

The phenomenon in which certain fungi grow within living trees and decay the heartwood.

A

Heart rot.

70
Q

What are the two types of flagella in Stramenopila?

A

Whiplash and tinsel types.

71
Q

In the Oomycota, where does meiosis occur?

A

In the gametangia (antheridium and oogonium).

72
Q

In Saprolegnia, the primary zoospores give rise to ______.

A

Primary cysts.

73
Q

Why is the residue from brown rot much more resistant to further degradation than white rot?

A

Lignin is left behind, while cellulose and hemicellulose are degraded. White rot fungi require these components to degrade lignin, so the lignin-rich residues from brown rot are highly resistant to decay.

74
Q

What is the main ecological niche of Peronosporales?

A

Plant pathogens.

75
Q

A polysaccharide of long glucose chains, consisting of long fibers. The backbone of wood cells, 40-50% dry weight of wood.

A

Cellulose.

76
Q

How do Phytophthora sporangia produce zoospores?

A

Inside the sporangium.

77
Q

In Saprolegniales, plasmogamy and karyogamy occur in the _____.

A

Oosphere.

78
Q

In the Oomycota, the asexual phase is (haploid/diploid).

A

Diploid.

Mycology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions