Q2: Ascomycota & Asexual Fungi Flashcards
The Saccardoan System of asexual fungi identification is based on ______.
Spore shape, color, and septation.
Sterile hyphae in the neck of perithecium.
Periphyses
Pezizomycotina is a (mono/poly)phyletic taxon of Ascomycota.
Monophyletic
What kind of fruiting body do Xylariales produce?
Perithecia.
The holomorph.
The total life cycle of pleomorphic fungi.
A tentacle-like structure that carries the conidia out of the ostiole when wetted.
Cirrhus
The process by which nuclei divide in ascogenous hyphae to maintain nuclear pairs.
Conjugate division
Unlike Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, all Pezizomycotina species are _____.
Hyphal
The genus of Pezizomycetes that has apothecium that are reduced to cavities in a large, club-like structure.
Morchella (morels)
The anamorph of the teleomorph Eurotium.
Aspergillus.
The anamorph of Powdery Mildew occurs on ______.
Plant foliage during the spring and summer.
The ecological role of Monilinia fructicola of the order Helotiales.
Plant pathogen.
In the generalized life cycle of Ascomycota, during plasmogamy nuclei migrate from the _____ into the _____.
Antheridium; ascogonium
Powdery mildew is caused by which genera?
Erysiphales.
Most asexual fungi reproduce by means of spores called _____.
Conidia.
The specialized structure that surrounds and protects the asci.
Ascocarp
The fruiting body of Eurotiomycetes that form sexual reproductive structures.
Cleistothecia
The cells that comprise the protective structure of the ascocarp are (n/2n/n+n).
n; the ascocarp develops from the cells below the ascogonium.
The main ecological role of the Tuber taxon.
Mycorrhizal
The teleomorph of the anamorph Monilia.
Neurospora.
The most common ecological role of members of the order Xylariales.
Wood decay; saprobic.
The basic thallus of Erysiphales.
Mycelium that grows on he surfaces of leaves.
The scientific significance of Ascobolus.
Easy to grow in culture; has become a model for studying Ascomycota mating and ascocarp development.
Ergotism can cause ____, _____, and _____.
Vasoconstriction, gangrene, and hallucinations.
Nearly all of the sexually-reproducing species of Pezizomycotina form ____.
Ascocarps
The anamorph of the teleomorph Neurospora.
Monilia.
In what fruiting body type of Pezizomycotina do the asci form a hymenium that is usually entirely exposed at maturity?
Apothecium
Ergotism is caused by ______.
Claviceps purpurea.
The teleomorph of the anamorph Aspergillus.
Eurotium.
The asexual stages of pleomorphic fungi are known as the _____.
Anamorph
The feeding strategy of Erysiphales.
Haustoria that penetrate the epidermal cells and draw off nutrients.
In the generalized life cycle of Ascomycota, during plasmogamy nuclei migrate from the antheridium into the ascogonium via the _____.
Trichogyne
Belowground fruiting bodies, as with truffles, are called _____.
Hypogeous
The cell that gives rise to conidia is called the ______.
Conidiogenous cell.
(T/F) In the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidia form in a fruiting body structure.
False.
The ascervulus is a specialized structure that gives rise to conidiophores and resembles ______.
An apothecium
The sexual stage of Monilinia is characterized by _____.
Apothecia which arise from fallen infected fruit.
Many members of the Dothidiomycetes have (uni-bi)tunicate asci.
Bitunicate
The common name for Claviceps purpurea.
Ergot
Septa in asexual cells may be either _____ or _____.
Transverse or longitudinal.
A compact mass of mycelium on or in which reproductive structures may be formed.
A stroma.
The perithecium develops (before/with/after) the ascogenous hyphae.
With
Fungi only known by their anamorph are referred to as _____.
Asexual fungi.
Asci that open by means of a lid.
Operculate asci
The ascocarp of Sordariomycetes.
Perithecium
In the form-family Stilbellaceae of the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidiophores are joined together to form a compound structure called a _____ that resembles a coarse hair.
Synnema
In the generalized life cycle of Ascomycota, plasmogamy results in _____ hyphae.
Ascogenous hyphae.
The asexual stage of Eurotium is known as.
Aspergillus
The Hughes/Barron/Tubaki system of asexual fungi identification is based on ______.
Spore ontogeny (spore development).
Which form-class does not produce asexual spores?
Agonomycetes aka “Mycelia sterilia.”
The thin but tough wall surrounding the cleistothecia of Eurotiomycetes.
Peridium
What are asexual fungi?
Fungi only known by their anamorph.
The various ecological roles of members of Sardariomycetes.
(1) Plant pathogens, (2) mycoparasites, (3) endophytes, (4) animal/insect pathogens.
The ecological role of all members of the Erysiphales.
Obligate plant parasites; biotrophs
The teleomorph.
The sexual stage of pleomorphic fungi.
The common “cup-shaped” fruiting body type of Pezizomycotina.
Apothecium
The reproductive structure formed by the Dothidiomycetes.
Pseudothecium
The hyphal strand that bears conidia is called _____.
A conidiophore.
Most asexual fungi are believed to be members of the ______.
Ascomycota
The genus of Pezomycetes that has an apothecium that folds backwards to resemble a riding saddle and resembles the edible Morchella.
Gyromitra
The specialized cell at the apex of an ascogenous hypha, in which one last mitotic division occurs prior to karyogamy.
The crozier.
The distinctive feature of Neurospora that its name derives from.
Fine striations on the ascospores.
The exterior opening of a pycnidium.
Ostiole.
Single-walled asci are called ____.
Unitunicate asci.
The teleomorph of Powdery Mildew occurs on _____.
Dropped, senescent leaves during the winter.
The common spherical enclosed fruiting body of Pezizomycotina.
Cleistothecium
In what unique way do bitunicate asci prepare for spore dispersion?
The inner cell wall separates from the outer cell wall and stretches upward.
Fruiting body morphology in Pezizomycotina (does/does not) correspond to phylogeny.
Does not
The asexual stage of Claviceps purpurea is characterized by _____.
Slime droplets (honeydew) formed during the early stages of infection on grain heads.
What is the distinctive fruiting body feature of Xylariales?
Many produce their fruiting bodies in stromatic tissue.
Ascobolus produces which kind of fruiting structure?
Apothecium
Double-walled asci.
Bitunicate asci
Species that produce more than one form of spores.
Pleomorphic
The anamorph.
The asexual stage of pleomorphic fungi.
Eurotium and Talaromyces more commonly produce (sexual/asexual) reproductive structures.
Asexual
In the form class Coelomycetes, conidia are formed within ______.
Specialized structures that superficially resemble some of the fruiting structures of Ascomycota.
Most Ascomycota have (uni/bi)tunicate asci.
Unitunicate
The total lifecycle of pleomorphic fungi is known as the ______.
Holomorph
(T/F) in the form-class Coelomycetes, conidia form in a fruiting body structure.
True.
Ascobolus is known as the ______.
Dung fungus
In Pezizomycetes, the hymenium is comprised of asci interspersed among _____.
Sterile hyphae.
The fungal thallus of the form-class Blastomycetes.
Yeast-like (unicellular) or poorly developed mycelium.
The mature stage of Claviceps purpurea is characterized by _____.
Sclerotia (thick-walled dormant propagules) that drop to the ground and overwinter, to give rise to sexually reproductive structures in the spring.
Pink bread mold is caused by _____, an anamorph.
Monilia sitophila.
Asexual fungi are known as ______.
Fungi Imperfecti or Deuteromycota
Pezizomycotina contains over ____% of Ascomycota species.
90%
The psuedothecium develops (before/with/after) ascogenous hyphae.
Before; stroma develops prior to fertilization of the asocgonium, after which the interior of the stroma is lysed to create a cavity or locule within the stroma.
The asexual stage of Talaromyces is known as _____.
Penicillium
The sexual spores of Ascomycota.
Ascospores
Sterile hyphae in the hymenium.
Paraphyses
In the form-class Agonomycetes, conidia are formed in _____.
Trick question; they exist only as mycelium.
In the form-family (missing name) of the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidiophores project from the surface of small- pustule-like structures called _______.
Sporodochia.
The asexual stage of Monilinia is characterized by _____.
Sporodochia on dehydrated infected fruits which produce airborne spores clusters of mycelium.
In the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidia are produced in ______
Exposed conidiophores.
The sexual stage pleomorphic fungi are known as the _____.
Teleomorph.
The asci of Ascobolus are _____.
Operculate.
The pycnidium is a specialized structure that gives rise to conidiophores and resembles a ______.
Perithecium
(T/F) Asexual spores are unicellular.
False; may consist of one, two, or many cells.
The asci in Pezizomycetes are (uni/bi)tunicate.
Unitunicate
