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Mycology > Q2: Ascomycota & Asexual Fungi > Flashcards

Q2: Ascomycota & Asexual Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

The Saccardoan System of asexual fungi identification is based on ______.

A

Spore shape, color, and septation.

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2
Q

Sterile hyphae in the neck of perithecium.

A

Periphyses

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3
Q

Pezizomycotina is a (mono/poly)phyletic taxon of Ascomycota.

A

Monophyletic

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4
Q

What kind of fruiting body do Xylariales produce?

A

Perithecia.

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5
Q

The holomorph.

A

The total life cycle of pleomorphic fungi.

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6
Q

A tentacle-like structure that carries the conidia out of the ostiole when wetted.

A

Cirrhus

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7
Q

The process by which nuclei divide in ascogenous hyphae to maintain nuclear pairs.

A

Conjugate division

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8
Q

Unlike Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, all Pezizomycotina species are _____.

A

Hyphal

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9
Q

The genus of Pezizomycetes that has apothecium that are reduced to cavities in a large, club-like structure.

A

Morchella (morels)

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10
Q

The anamorph of the teleomorph Eurotium.

A

Aspergillus.

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11
Q

The anamorph of Powdery Mildew occurs on ______.

A

Plant foliage during the spring and summer.

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12
Q

The ecological role of Monilinia fructicola of the order Helotiales.

A

Plant pathogen.

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13
Q

In the generalized life cycle of Ascomycota, during plasmogamy nuclei migrate from the _____ into the _____.

A

Antheridium; ascogonium

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14
Q

Powdery mildew is caused by which genera?

A

Erysiphales.

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15
Q

Most asexual fungi reproduce by means of spores called _____.

A

Conidia.

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16
Q

The specialized structure that surrounds and protects the asci.

A

Ascocarp

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17
Q

The fruiting body of Eurotiomycetes that form sexual reproductive structures.

A

Cleistothecia

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18
Q

The cells that comprise the protective structure of the ascocarp are (n/2n/n+n).

A

n; the ascocarp develops from the cells below the ascogonium.

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19
Q

The main ecological role of the Tuber taxon.

A

Mycorrhizal

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20
Q

The teleomorph of the anamorph Monilia.

A

Neurospora.

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21
Q

The most common ecological role of members of the order Xylariales.

A

Wood decay; saprobic.

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22
Q

The basic thallus of Erysiphales.

A

Mycelium that grows on he surfaces of leaves.

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23
Q

The scientific significance of Ascobolus.

A

Easy to grow in culture; has become a model for studying Ascomycota mating and ascocarp development.

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24
Q

Ergotism can cause ____, _____, and _____.

A

Vasoconstriction, gangrene, and hallucinations.

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25
Q

Nearly all of the sexually-reproducing species of Pezizomycotina form ____.

A

Ascocarps

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26
Q

The anamorph of the teleomorph Neurospora.

A

Monilia.

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27
Q

In what fruiting body type of Pezizomycotina do the asci form a hymenium that is usually entirely exposed at maturity?

A

Apothecium

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28
Q

Ergotism is caused by ______.

A

Claviceps purpurea.

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29
Q

The teleomorph of the anamorph Aspergillus.

A

Eurotium.

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30
Q

The asexual stages of pleomorphic fungi are known as the _____.

A

Anamorph

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31
Q

The feeding strategy of Erysiphales.

A

Haustoria that penetrate the epidermal cells and draw off nutrients.

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32
Q

In the generalized life cycle of Ascomycota, during plasmogamy nuclei migrate from the antheridium into the ascogonium via the _____.

A

Trichogyne

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33
Q

Belowground fruiting bodies, as with truffles, are called _____.

A

Hypogeous

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34
Q

The cell that gives rise to conidia is called the ______.

A

Conidiogenous cell.

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35
Q

(T/F) In the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidia form in a fruiting body structure.

A

False.

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36
Q

The ascervulus is a specialized structure that gives rise to conidiophores and resembles ______.

A

An apothecium

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37
Q

The sexual stage of Monilinia is characterized by _____.

A

Apothecia which arise from fallen infected fruit.

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38
Q

Many members of the Dothidiomycetes have (uni-bi)tunicate asci.

A

Bitunicate

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39
Q

The common name for Claviceps purpurea.

A

Ergot

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40
Q

Septa in asexual cells may be either _____ or _____.

A

Transverse or longitudinal.

41
Q

A compact mass of mycelium on or in which reproductive structures may be formed.

A

A stroma.

42
Q

The perithecium develops (before/with/after) the ascogenous hyphae.

A

With

43
Q

Fungi only known by their anamorph are referred to as _____.

A

Asexual fungi.

44
Q

Asci that open by means of a lid.

A

Operculate asci

45
Q

The ascocarp of Sordariomycetes.

A

Perithecium

46
Q

In the form-family Stilbellaceae of the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidiophores are joined together to form a compound structure called a _____ that resembles a coarse hair.

A

Synnema

47
Q

In the generalized life cycle of Ascomycota, plasmogamy results in _____ hyphae.

A

Ascogenous hyphae.

48
Q

The asexual stage of Eurotium is known as.

A

Aspergillus

49
Q

The Hughes/Barron/Tubaki system of asexual fungi identification is based on ______.

A

Spore ontogeny (spore development).

50
Q

Which form-class does not produce asexual spores?

A

Agonomycetes aka “Mycelia sterilia.”

51
Q

The thin but tough wall surrounding the cleistothecia of Eurotiomycetes.

A

Peridium

52
Q

What are asexual fungi?

A

Fungi only known by their anamorph.

53
Q

The various ecological roles of members of Sardariomycetes.

A

(1) Plant pathogens, (2) mycoparasites, (3) endophytes, (4) animal/insect pathogens.

54
Q

The ecological role of all members of the Erysiphales.

A

Obligate plant parasites; biotrophs

55
Q

The teleomorph.

A

The sexual stage of pleomorphic fungi.

56
Q

The common “cup-shaped” fruiting body type of Pezizomycotina.

A

Apothecium

57
Q

The reproductive structure formed by the Dothidiomycetes.

A

Pseudothecium

58
Q

The hyphal strand that bears conidia is called _____.

A

A conidiophore.

59
Q

Most asexual fungi are believed to be members of the ______.

A

Ascomycota

60
Q

The genus of Pezomycetes that has an apothecium that folds backwards to resemble a riding saddle and resembles the edible Morchella.

A

Gyromitra

61
Q

The specialized cell at the apex of an ascogenous hypha, in which one last mitotic division occurs prior to karyogamy.

A

The crozier.

62
Q

The distinctive feature of Neurospora that its name derives from.

A

Fine striations on the ascospores.

63
Q

The exterior opening of a pycnidium.

A

Ostiole.

64
Q

Single-walled asci are called ____.

A

Unitunicate asci.

65
Q

The teleomorph of Powdery Mildew occurs on _____.

A

Dropped, senescent leaves during the winter.

66
Q

The common spherical enclosed fruiting body of Pezizomycotina.

A

Cleistothecium

67
Q

In what unique way do bitunicate asci prepare for spore dispersion?

A

The inner cell wall separates from the outer cell wall and stretches upward.

68
Q

Fruiting body morphology in Pezizomycotina (does/does not) correspond to phylogeny.

A

Does not

69
Q

The asexual stage of Claviceps purpurea is characterized by _____.

A

Slime droplets (honeydew) formed during the early stages of infection on grain heads.

70
Q

What is the distinctive fruiting body feature of Xylariales?

A

Many produce their fruiting bodies in stromatic tissue.

71
Q

Ascobolus produces which kind of fruiting structure?

A

Apothecium

72
Q

Double-walled asci.

A

Bitunicate asci

73
Q

Species that produce more than one form of spores.

A

Pleomorphic

74
Q

The anamorph.

A

The asexual stage of pleomorphic fungi.

75
Q

Eurotium and Talaromyces more commonly produce (sexual/asexual) reproductive structures.

A

Asexual

76
Q

In the form class Coelomycetes, conidia are formed within ______.

A

Specialized structures that superficially resemble some of the fruiting structures of Ascomycota.

77
Q

Most Ascomycota have (uni/bi)tunicate asci.

A

Unitunicate

78
Q

The total lifecycle of pleomorphic fungi is known as the ______.

A

Holomorph

79
Q

(T/F) in the form-class Coelomycetes, conidia form in a fruiting body structure.

A

True.

80
Q

Ascobolus is known as the ______.

A

Dung fungus

81
Q

In Pezizomycetes, the hymenium is comprised of asci interspersed among _____.

A

Sterile hyphae.

82
Q

The fungal thallus of the form-class Blastomycetes.

A

Yeast-like (unicellular) or poorly developed mycelium.

83
Q

The mature stage of Claviceps purpurea is characterized by _____.

A

Sclerotia (thick-walled dormant propagules) that drop to the ground and overwinter, to give rise to sexually reproductive structures in the spring.

84
Q

Pink bread mold is caused by _____, an anamorph.

A

Monilia sitophila.

85
Q

Asexual fungi are known as ______.

A

Fungi Imperfecti or Deuteromycota

86
Q

Pezizomycotina contains over ____% of Ascomycota species.

A

90%

87
Q

The psuedothecium develops (before/with/after) ascogenous hyphae.

A

Before; stroma develops prior to fertilization of the asocgonium, after which the interior of the stroma is lysed to create a cavity or locule within the stroma.

88
Q

The asexual stage of Talaromyces is known as _____.

A

Penicillium

89
Q

The sexual spores of Ascomycota.

A

Ascospores

90
Q

Sterile hyphae in the hymenium.

A

Paraphyses

91
Q

In the form-class Agonomycetes, conidia are formed in _____.

A

Trick question; they exist only as mycelium.

92
Q

In the form-family (missing name) of the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidiophores project from the surface of small- pustule-like structures called _______.

A

Sporodochia.

93
Q

The asexual stage of Monilinia is characterized by _____.

A

Sporodochia on dehydrated infected fruits which produce airborne spores clusters of mycelium.

94
Q

In the form-class Hyphomycetes, conidia are produced in ______

A

Exposed conidiophores.

95
Q

The sexual stage pleomorphic fungi are known as the _____.

A

Teleomorph.

96
Q

The asci of Ascobolus are _____.

A

Operculate.

97
Q

The pycnidium is a specialized structure that gives rise to conidiophores and resembles a ______.

A

Perithecium

98
Q

(T/F) Asexual spores are unicellular.

A

False; may consist of one, two, or many cells.

99
Q

The asci in Pezizomycetes are (uni/bi)tunicate.

A

Unitunicate

Mycology (9 decks)

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