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Mycology > Q3: Basidiomycota > Flashcards

Q3: Basidiomycota Flashcards

1
Q

What septal structure is unique to Basidiomycota?

A

The dolipore septum.

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2
Q

Microcyclic rusts.

A

Rust fungi that do not produce the aecial or uredinial spore stages.

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3
Q

What subphylum of Basidiomycota has a modified dolipore with no septal pore?

A

Ustilaginomycotina.

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4
Q

Out of Agaricomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, and Pucciniomycotina, which completely lacks a dolipore septum?

A

Pucciniomycotina

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5
Q

What are the fruiting bodies of Basidiomycota called?

A

Basidiocarps

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6
Q

What are the three main subphyla of Basidiomycota?

A

Agaricomycotina
Pucciniomycotina
Ustilaginomycotina

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7
Q

Smut fungi are part of which subphylum of Basidiomycota?

A

Ustilaginomycotina.

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8
Q

_____ rusts produce each of the five spore stages.

A

Macrocyclic.

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9
Q

The (3) characteristics of rust fungi.

A

Biotrophic plant pathogens, simple septa, and the absence of basidiocarps.

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10
Q

A sorus.

A

A mass of spores.

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11
Q

Rust fungi that infect only one host during the life cycle.

A

Autoecious rusts.

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12
Q

True or False. Basidiomycota are the primary source of lignin degradation in the world.

A

True

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13
Q

Spermatia are produced by the ______ and are (haploid/diploid/dikaryotic).

A

Spermagonium; haploid.

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14
Q

What are holobasidia?

A

Single-celled basidia.

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15
Q

What are the main distinguishing features of Basidiomycota?

A

They have basidium that form basidiospores on the tips of sterigmata.

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16
Q

Teliospores are produced by the _____ and are (haploid/diploid/dikaryotic).

A

Telium; dikaryotic –> diploid.

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17
Q

(T/F) For most members of Basidiomycota, spores are forcibly discharged.

A

True.

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18
Q

Epigeous.

A

The term for aboveground fruiting bodies.

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19
Q

In rust fungi, urediniospores are (infectious/non-infectious).

A

Infectious.

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20
Q

What are basidia?

A

The structures which generate sexual spores in Basidiomycota.

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21
Q

In terms of aeciospores, what does “non-repeating” refer to?

A

A germinated aeciospore will not give rise to another aecium.

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22
Q

Spermatia in rust fungi are (infectious/non-infectious).

A

Non-infectious.

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23
Q

What are phragmobasidia?

A

Basidia divided into several cells by transverse or longitudinal septa.

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24
Q

The term for familiar gilled mushrooms.

A

Agarics (includes boletes).

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25
Q

Rust fungi that alternate between two different hosts.

A

Heteroecious rusts.

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26
Q

Which phase of the life cycle is longer in Basidiomycota: homokaryotic or heterkaryotic?

A

Heterokaryotic. Opposite of Ascomycota.

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27
Q

Heteroecious rusts.

A

Rust fungi that alternate between two different hosts.

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28
Q

Spermatia.

A

Single-celled, haploid spores produced within a spermagonium.

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29
Q

Basidia are formed within what structure of the basidiocarp?

A

The hymenium.

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30
Q

(T/F) All members of Basidiomycota produce fruiting structures.

A

False, rusts and smuts do not.

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31
Q

Macrocyclic rusts.

A

Rust fungi that produce each of the five spore stages.

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32
Q

In rust fungi, the spermagonium is formed following infection of the plant by the ______.

A

Basidiospore.

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33
Q

What are ballistospores?

A

Spores that are forcibly discharged.

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34
Q

What is a Monokaryon?

A

An organism with one nuclei per cell

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35
Q

The largest order of Pucciniomycotina.

A

Pucciniales (rust fungi)

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36
Q

The ecological niches of Pucciniomycotina.

A

Saprotrophs and parasites of plants, insects, and fungi.

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37
Q

The primary overwintering structure of rust fungi.

A

Teliospores.

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38
Q

What is the ecological niche of the yeast-like haploid life cycle of Ustilaginomycotina?

A

Saprobic.

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39
Q

Name several iconic fruiting forms of Basidiomycota. Four are listed.

A

Mushrooms, shelf fungi, jelly fungi, and puffballs.

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40
Q

Autoecious rusts.

A

Rust fungi that infect only one host during the life cycle.

41
Q

Urediniospores.

A

Repeating spores produced from dikaryotic hyphae that infect the same host.

42
Q

The main unifying character of the traditional group within Basidiomycota known as Gasteromycetes.

A

Basidiospores that are not forcibly discharged.

43
Q

Basidiospores are usually (haploid/diploid).

A

Haploid.

44
Q

What are the three components of the Haploid life cycle in Basidiomycetes, following meiosis?

A

Formation of basidium, release of mating types (+ and -), and formation of mycelial hyphae

45
Q

Although the exact function is not known, what is the dolipore septum believed to do?

A

Limit the movement of nuclei, but not other organelles.

46
Q

In rust fungi, teliospores are (infectious/non-infectious).

A

Non-infectious.

47
Q

What is the fate of basidiospores in the order Ustilaginales (an order of smut fungi)?

A

Budding to form a yeast phase or germination to form conidia.

48
Q

All mushrooms of Basidiomycota are members of which subphylum?

A

Agaricomycotina.

49
Q

Hypogeous.

A

The term for belowground fruiting bodies.

50
Q

What are sterigma?

A

The structures on the surface of basidia on which basidiospores are formed.

51
Q

What occurs during the Diploid stage in Basidiomycota after fertilization/karyogamy?

A

The nuclei fuse and undergo meiosis.

52
Q

In rust fungi, basidiospores are (infectious/non-infectious).

A

Infectious.

53
Q

Asexual rusts form only which type of spores?

A

Urediniospores.

54
Q

In Ustilaginales (an order of smut fungi), basidia arise from the _____.

A

Germinating teliospores.

55
Q

Spores that are forcibly discharged.

A

Ballistospores.

56
Q

What structure on the basidiospore is thought to aid in forcible discharge?

A

The hilar appendix, by means of a small droplet of liquid that accumulates.

57
Q

Teliospores.

A

Basidia producing spores.

58
Q

What are the three components of the Dikaryotic phase of Basidiomycetes, following plasmogamy?

A

Dikaryotic mycelium, formation of basidiocarp, development of basidium

59
Q

The majority of what type of mycorrhizae are found in Basidiomycota?

A

Ectomycorrhizae

60
Q

Single-celled basidia.

A

Holobasidia.

61
Q

What are secotioid fungi?

A

The intermediate form between mushrooms and puffballs.

62
Q

What are secondary ballistospores?

A

Asexual ballistospores (conidia) produced by germinating basidiospores in smut fungi.

63
Q

In Basidiomycota, karyogamy and meiosis take place within what structure?

A

The basidium.

64
Q

Urediniospores are produced by the _____ and are (haploid/diploid/dikaryotic).

A

Uredinium; dikaryotic.

65
Q

Out for Agaricomycotina, Ustilaginomycotina, and Pucciniomycotina, which have no fruiting bodies?

A

Ustilaginomycotina and Pucciniomycotina

66
Q

The ecological niches of Agaricomycotina.

A

Wood decomposers (saprobes; some parasitic), mycorrhizae, mycoparasites, and lichens.

67
Q

The term for belowground fruiting bodies.

A

Hypogeous

68
Q

Rust fungi are generally (generalists/specialists) when it comes to their hosts.

A

Specialists.

69
Q

Basidiospores that are not forcibly discharged.

A

Statismospores.

70
Q

The main ecological niche of Ustilaginomycotina?

A

Plant parasites.

71
Q

Basidia divided into several cells by transverse or longitudinal septa.

A

Phragmobasidia.

72
Q

Aeciospores are produced by the _____ and are (haploid/diploid/dikaryotic).

A

Aecium; dikaryotic.

73
Q

What are statismospores?

A

Basidiospores that are not forcibly discharged.

74
Q

Which subphyla of Basidiomycota completely lacks the dolipore septum?

A

Pucciniomycotina.

75
Q

The characteristic dikaryotic (eventually diploid) spores of smut fungi are known as _____ and are formed as ________.

A

Teliospores; conspicuous dark powdery masses of spores (a sorus).

76
Q

(T/F) Basidiocarp morphology is related to phylogeny.

A

False

77
Q

The intermediate form between mushrooms and puffballs.

A

Secotioid fungi.

78
Q

What is a Heterokaryon?

A

A fungal thallus where there are two or more genetically distinct haploid nuclei.

79
Q

In smut and rust fungi, karyogamy takes place in the _____.

A

Teliospore.

80
Q

Which life stage of Ustilaginomycotina tends to be parasitic?

A

The dikaryon.

81
Q

The traditional group within Agaricomycotina with gelatinous or waxy basidiocarps that can desiccate and revive upon wetting, generally displaying phragmobasidia.

A

Jelly fungi.

82
Q

The main ecological niches of Basidiomycota.

A

Wood decay, mycorrhizae, and plant pathogens.

83
Q

The structures on the surface of basidia on which basidiospores are formed.

A

Sterigma

84
Q

The term for aboveground fruiting bodies.

A

Epigeous

85
Q

The unique structure that generates sexual spores in Basidiomycota.

A

Basidium; basidia (pl)

86
Q

What is the difference between (1) a homokaryon and a monokaryon; and (2) a heterokaryon and a dikaryon?

A

Monokaryon and dikaryon refer only to the number of nuclei in a given cell, whereas homokaryon and heterokaryon refer to whether or not the nuclei are genetically distinct.

87
Q

______ rusts do not produce the aecial or uredinial spore stages.

A

Microcyclic.

88
Q

In smut fungi, teliospores are formed within a _____.

A

Sorus.

89
Q

Aeciospores.

A

Non-repeating vegetative (asexual) spores produced as a result of dikaryotization that germinate to produce a dikaryotic mycelium.

90
Q

What is a Homokaryon?

A

A fungal thallus where all nuclei are genetically identical

91
Q

Basidiospores of rust fungi are (haploid/diploid/dikaryotic).

A

Diploid –> haploid.

92
Q

In rust fungi, aeciospores are (infectious/non-infectious).

A

Infectious.

93
Q

What is a Dikaryon?

A

An organism with two nuclei per cell

94
Q

What subphyla of Basidiomycota has a dolipore septum?

A

Agaricomycotina.

95
Q

The miscellaneous traditional group of Agaricomycotina.

A

Aphyllophorales.

96
Q

All microcyclic rusts are ______.

A

Autoecious.

97
Q

Are Basidiomycota known for mycorrhizae?

A

Yes

98
Q

The major characteristics of jelly fungi.

A

Gelatinous or waxy basidiocarps that can desiccate and revive upon wetting, generally displaying phragmobasidia.

Mycology (8 decks)

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