Q2: Photosynthesis pt. 1 Flashcards
True or False:
In photosynthesis, oxygen is reduced to water.
false
water is oxidized into oxygen
True or False:
In photosynthesis, water is oxidized and oxygen is released.
True
True or False:
In the leaf, the most abundant site where chlorophyll is found is the bottom of the leaf.
false
Organisms that use the pigment chlorophyll to harvest solar energy to produce the stored energy as chemical bonds of ATP and carbohydrates.
autotrophic organisms
Three essential processes involved in photosynthesis
- Energy absorption from sunlight via pigments during light-dependent reaction
- Reactivation of reaction center
- Carbohydrates production by carbon fixation during dark reaction.
In photosynthesis, energy from ________ is harvested and used to drive the synthesis of ________ from ________ and ________.
- sunlight
- glucose
- CO₂
- H₂O
The ultimate source of metabolic energy for all biological systems.
photosynthesis
Two stages of photosynthesis
- light reactions (light-dependent reaction)
- dark reactions (light-independent reactions, otherwise known as the Calvin Cycle)
In the light reactions, energy from sunlight drives the synthesis of ________ and ________, coupled to the formation of ________ from H₂O.
- ATP
- NADPH
- O₂
In the dark reactions, the ATP and NADPH produced by the light reactions drive ________ synthesis.
glucose
Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplasts
Where does the light reaction occur?
thylakoid membranes
Where does the dark reaction occur?
stroma
This reaction use sunlight to initiate electron transfer, thereby reducing NADP+ to NADPH and splitting water to give off oxygen as a by-product.
light reaction
It is sometimes referred to as ‘dark reactions’ because it does not require light energy for its processes to take place.
Calvin Cycle
The dark reaction incorporates CO₂ into organic molecules through ______________.
carbon fixation
Chemical name
NADPH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Pair of pigments in Photosystem II
P680
The light-absorbing “head” of a chlorophyll molecule.
porphyrin ring
Difference of chlorophyll a from chlorophyll b structure
chlorophyll a: methyl (-CH3); chlorophyll b: formyl group (-CHO)
The electron in the pair of chlorophyll is raised to an excited state and is transferred to the ________________________.
primary electron acceptor
Electron carrier molecules involved in the electron transport chain during light-dependent reactions.
- plastoquinone (Pq)
- cytochrome complex
- plastocyanin (Pc)
The process where H+ ions tries to equalize their distribution by moving from the lumen to the stroma through the aid of a membrane protein called ATP synthase.
chemiosmosis
Pair of pigments in photosystem I
P700
The photo-excited electron from Photosystem I enters another electron transfer chain, passing the electron to an iron-containing protein called _________________.
ferredoxin (Fd)
